医学生人格特质与心理健康情况的典型相关分析研究

目的 医学生作为医生的前身,不仅要求具有精湛的职业技能,还必须具备良好的心理素质。了解当今医学生人格特质及其心理健康状况，分析当今医学生人格特质与心理健康状况的特点，并探讨两者的内在联系，为更有针对性地开展心理健康教育和制定相关干预措施提供科学依据，也为日后相关研究的开展提供一定的理论依据。 方法 在2017年8—11月间，以粤东某高校医学院在校医学生为研究对象，通过SCL-90症状自评量表评估参与者的心理健康状态、大五人格量表调查参与者的人格特质。问卷调查以无记名方式进行。运用Excel 2016和SPSS 20.0统计软件进行数据录入与处理分析，运用典型相关分析方法对医学生人格特质和心理健康的相关性进行分析。 结果 SCL-90问卷得分与全国大学生常模比较，除“强迫症状”“焦虑”“精神病性”外，其余各因子的差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。典型相关分析中，U₁、V₁典型变量相关系数为0.675(P<0.001)，U₂、V₂典型变量相关系数为0.485(P<0.001)。典型相关分析结果表明，神经质和宜人性是反映当代医学生人格特质的主要指标，敌对和偏执是反映医学生心理症状的主要指标。本次研究的结果也表明，宜人性的人格特质有利于降低心理症状水平，而神经质特质则对心理症状水平有强化作用。 结论 从积极心理学的角度去引导医学生宜人特质等积极人格特质的发展和形成，对改善医学生的心理症状水平、提高医学生的心理健康水平、促进医学生的发展有着重要的意义。 

Canonical correlation analysis of the personality trait and psychological health status of medical students

Objective Medical students, as the predecessors of doctors, not only require superb professional skills, but also demand good psychological qualities. To investigate the personality trait and psychological health status of nowadays medical students and to analyze their characteristic and investigate their relationships to develop mental health education and further research and provide the basis for designing psychological intervention plans. Methods Between August and November 2017, students of grade 2014 to grade 2017 in a medical college of a university in East Guangdong were involved as the research subject. Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90) was used to evaluate their psychological health status and Big Five Inventory Scale (BFIS) was applied to investigate their personality trait. All these questionnaires were anonymous. Excel 2016 and SPSS 20.0 were used in data entry and analyzing. Canonical correlation analysis was used to analyze the association between personality trait and psychological health status in nowadays medical students. Results Compared to the national university student norm, the score of SCL-90 shows that there is significant difference except for obsessive-compulsive, depression and psychoticism (all P<0.05). In canonical correlation analysis, the correlation coefficient of canonical variables U₁, V₁ is 0.675 (P<0.001) and of canonical variables U₂, V₂ is 0.485 (P<0.001). The result of canonical correlation analysis shows that Neuroticism and Agreeableness are the main features to reflect the medical students' personality trait while Hostility and Paranoid are the main features to reflect the medical students' psychological symptoms. The research also points out that Agreeableness will improve psychological symptoms and Neuroticism will make it worse. Conclusion To guide the formation and development of positive personality traits like agreeableness is very helpful for improving medical students' psychological health level and promoting their comprehensive development.