舒适护理在重症监护病房气管切开患者护理中的效果观察

目的 观察舒适护理对ICU病房内气管切开患者的护理效果。方法 选取了自2015年6月—2016年11月在本院ICU病房住院并接受气管切开术治疗的77名患者,根据患者住院时间的不同,将患者分为2组。2015年6月—2016年2月住院的患者纳入对照组接受常规护理干预;而2016年3月及以后住院的患者纳入实验组,予以舒适护理。比较2组患者住院期间气管切开术并发症的发生情况。采用焦虑自评量表和忧郁自评量表对患者住院期间的焦虑及忧郁情绪进行打分,比较两组间的差异。另外,患者出院后采用自制的问卷对住院期间护理的满意度和舒适度进行评定。结果 实验组患者术后并发症的发生率低于对照组。其中脱管、皮下气肿和气道出血的发生率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),肺部感染的发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者焦虑自评量表评分和忧郁自评量表评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者对住院期间护理工作的舒适度评分和满意度评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 舒适护理能在一定程度上降低ICU病房气管切开患者的术后并发症发生率,缓解患者住院期间焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪,提高护理满意度和舒适度,值得进一步推广和应用。

Effect of comfort nursing in patients undergoing tracheotomy in intensive care unit

Objective To evaluate the effect of comfort nursing in the patients undergoing tracheotomy in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A total of 77 patients who were in ICU of our hospital and underwent tracheotomy from June 2015 to November 2016 were selected in this study. Based on different time of hospitalization, those patients were divided into two groups. The patients admitting in hospital from June 2015 to February 2016 were taken as the control group and received traditional nursing, and those admitting from March 2016 to November 2016 were taken as the test group and were given the comfort nursing. The occurrence of complications during hospitalization was compared between two groups. The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were scored to evaluate the level of anxiety and depression of the patients. Furthermore, a home-made questionnaire was used to assess patients’ comfort and satisfactory during hospitalization. Results The incidence of complications in the test group was less than that in the control group, but no significant difference was found in the incidence of stent dislodgement, subcutaneous emphysema, and bleeding between two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of pulmonary infection was significantly different between two groups (P<0.05). The scores of SAS and SDS in the test group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of nursing comfort and satisfactory in the test group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Applying comfort nursing in patients undergoing tracheotomy in ICU could decrease the incidence of post-operative complications to some extent, relieve unhealthy emotions, such as anxiety and depression, improve the comfort and satisfactory of nursing. Thus, it is worthy application in clinic.