视神经再生的实验研究进展

视神经是中枢神经的一部分,损伤后将无法再生,继而引起进一步视力损害。根据目前视神经损伤后视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGCs)轴突再生的基础研究,视神经损伤后必须采取以下有效措施:提高RGCs内在的再生潜力,改善生长抑制环境,优化RGCs神经再生,而诱导再生轴突靶向延伸是理想的促进视神经的再生与修复方式。本文查阅国内外最新实验性视神经再生研究类文献,从调控眼内炎症因子、提供合适外源性神秘生长因子、激活RGCs再生潜能、阻断抑制性轴突再生信号传导、给予适当的再生刺激信号、改善抑制性细胞外微环境等方面阐述促进视神经再生的研究现状,以期对早日实现基础研究成果尽快向临床应用转化有所帮助。

Research progress on experimental optic nerve regeneration

The optic nerve is part of the central nervous system and cannot regenerate if injured，thereby leading to further visual impairment.At present，based on the basic research of regenerating retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) axons，several steps must be taken following optic nerve injury that includes:upregulating the growth capacity of RGCs，overcoming the inherent growth-inhibitory environment，and optimizing the reinnervation of regenerated axons，which are the ideal targets to promote optic nerve regeneration and repair.In this paper，referring to the latest experimental optic nerve regeneration research literature，several measures of experimental optic nerve regeneration have been shown as follows:regulation of endophthalmitis factor，provision of appropriate exogenous mysterious growth factor and activation of RGCs regeneration potential，blocking inhibitory axon regeneration in signal transduction，adaptation of appropriate regeneration inhibitory stimulation signal，improvement of the extracellular microenvironment，ect.This paper will give a brief review on recent advances in experimental studies of optic nerve regeneration to better promote the transformation of basic research to clinical application as soon as possible，and meanwhile provides insights into the future treatment of numerous optic neuropathies.