高度近视眼底改变的最新研究进展

近视是全球发生率最高的屈光不正，我国有近6亿近视患者，其中高度近视（high myopia，HM）患者超过8000万。HM随着眼轴的进行性增长，眼底出现一系列退行性病变，如视盘斜入、颞侧脉络膜萎缩弧、后巩膜葡萄肿、后极部视网膜和脉络膜病变及周边部视网膜改变等，病理性近视多伴随或者导致黄斑病变、白内障、玻璃体病变、视网膜脱离与劈裂等严重并发症。目前，近视的发生趋于年轻化、高度化，HM眼底病变尤其黄斑病变是东亚国家主要的致盲原因。本文回顾近年国内外文献，就HM眼底改变的最新研究进展进行综述。

The latest research advances of fundus changes in high myopia

Myopia is the most common refractive error around the world.In China，approximately 600 million patients suffered from myopia and over 80 million patients had high myopia (HM).With the progressive growth of the axial axis，a series of degenerative lesions appear in HM fundus，such as optic disc oblique insertion，temporal choroidal atrophy，posterior scleral staphyloma，posterior pole retina and choroidal lesions and peripheral retinal changes.Pathological myopia is accompanied by or causes serious complications such as macular degeneration，cataract，vitreous lesions，retinal detachment and cleft palate.At present，the myopia has the youth oriented tendency and become more advanced.HM fundus lesions，especially macular degeneration，are found to be the main cause of blindness in East Asian countries.We will summary recent literatures at home and abroad and research advances in fundus changes of HM in this review.