湖南省青春期女性焦虑、抑郁现状调查及其影响因子的预测

  目的  探讨青春期女性焦虑、抑郁现状及其影响因子，为促进青春期女性身心健康提供依据。  方法  采用一般资料问卷、月经情况问卷、广泛性焦虑量表（generalized anxiety disorder-7，GAD-7）、病人健康问卷抑郁量表（patient health questionnaire-9，PHQ-9），对多阶段分层随机抽取的湖南省10~19岁青春期女性进行调查。  结果  共调查2 575名青春期女性。研究对象焦虑症状检出率为9.6%，抑郁症状检出率为16.4%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示对于整体青春期女性，未在校读书、未遭受过身体/精神暴力、较长的睡眠时间、月经未来潮是焦虑症状出现的保护因素，较高的文化程度是焦虑症状出现的危险因素；未在校读书、未遭受过身体/精神暴力、月经未来潮是抑郁症状出现的保护因素，较高的文化程度是抑郁症状出现的危险因素（均有P < 0.05）。对于月经已来潮的青春期女性，未在校读书、未遭受过身体/精神暴力、较长的睡眠时间、近6个月未出现痛经是焦虑/抑郁症状出现的保护因素，较高的文化程度、近6个月月经不规律是焦虑/抑郁症状出现的危险因素（均有P < 0.05）。  结论  湖南省青春期女性存在一定程度的焦虑、抑郁情绪问题，建议有针对性地加强高危人群的健康干预。

Anxiety,depresson status of adolescent females and prediction of related influencing factors in Hunan Province

  Objective  To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression among adolescent females.  Methods  Adolescent females aged 10-19 years in Hunan Province were investigated by general information questionnaire, menstrual status questionnaire, generalized anxiety scale (GAD-7) and patient health questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9).  Results  A total of 2 575 adolescent females were included. The prevalence of anxiety was 9.6%, while the prevalence of depression was 16.4%. Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that among the overall adolescent females, not studying at school, no physical/mental violence, longer average sleep time, no menarche were protective factors for anxiety while higher education level was risk factor; not studying at school, no physical/mental violence, no menarche were protective factors for depression while higher education level was risk factor (all P < 0.05). Among the adolescent females with menarche, not studying at school, no physical/mental violence, longer average sleep time, no dysmenorrhea in the past six months were protective factors for anxiety/depression while higher education level and irregular menstrual cycle in the past six months were risk factors (all P < 0.05).  Conclusions  There is a certain degree of anxiety and depression among adolescent females in Hunan Province. It is suggested that more interventions should be strengthened for high-risk groups.