家庭因素与学龄前儿童情绪与行为问题的关联研究

  目的  了解扬州市学龄前儿童心理卫生状况，探讨家庭因素对其心理健康的影响。  方法  整群随机抽取7所幼儿园共2 531名儿童，进行问卷调查。收集一般人口统计学特征及家庭环境情况，运用SDQ量表（strengths and difficulties questionnaire，SDQ）（家长版）收集儿童心理健康状况。  结果  学龄前儿童心理异常检出率为6.4%，同伴交往问题最为突出（17.8%），其次为多动注意不能（13.7%），亲社会行为（9.4%）、品行问题（7.0%）、情绪问题（5.7%）。除情绪问题外，男童问题检出率高于女童。多因素Logistic回归发现，母亲文化程度低（OR=1.85，95%CI:1.04~3.29）及组合家庭（OR=1.81，95%CI:1.19~2.75）为其危险因素，而女童为保护性因素（OR=0.71，95%CI:0.51~0.98）。  结论  扬州市学龄前儿童心理异常检出率虽不高，但男孩的多动问题、女孩的情绪问题较为突出，尤其要关注母亲文化程度低的及组合家庭。

Imapct of home environment on emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children

  Objective  To investigate the status of mental health in preschool children of Yangzhou city, and to explore the effect of home environment.  Methods  A total of 2 531 children from 7 kindergartens were selected by random cluster sampling. Questionnaire (including SDQ tests) was used to analyse the status and characteristics of mental health.  Results  The rate of children with mental disorder was 6.4%, the most prominent problem was peer relationship difficulty (17.8%), followed by hyperactivity/inattention (13.7%), prosocial behavior (9.4%), conduct problems (7.0%) and emotional problems (5.7%). Except for emotional symptoms, the detection rates of all other investigated problems among boys were higher than those among girls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the low level of mother's education (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.04-3.29) and the joint family (OR=1.81, 95%CI: 1.19-2.75) were risk factors, and gender of girl was protective factor (OR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.51-0.98).  Conclusions  The rate of mental disorder is low, but hyperactivity in boys and emotional problems in girls are quite popular, especially in children who have mother with low level of education or live in the joint family.