生物钟与女性生殖

生物钟是生物体对环境长期适应而形成的自主计时机制。生物钟基因调节人体多项生理活动，比如睡眠-觉醒、激素分泌、细胞代谢和免疫调节等，其目标是使细胞、组织以及器官能够有序、协同作用，并呈现明显的节律。女性生殖功能受下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的昼夜节律调控。由于外界因素引起的昼夜节律中断与女性各种生殖功能障碍的发生发展有关，包括月经失调、流产和生育力下降等。本文旨在从月经周期中卵泡发育的调控、排卵、胚胎着床以及妊娠维持等多个方面介绍生物钟在女性生殖方面所起作用。

Circadian Clock and Female Reproduction

Circadian clock is an endogenous oscillator entrained for environmental adaptation. It is responsible for multiple physical activities，such as sleep- wake cycle formation，hormone synthesis，cellular metabolism，and immune regulation. In women，ovarian physiology is orchestrated by a primary clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus（SCN）of the hypothalamus- pituitary axis，which coordinates peripheral organs with the central nervous system（CNS）. Disruption of these internal circadian rhythms（or called desynchronization）is associated with the onset and progression of various female reproductive pathologies，including menstrual cycle disorder，miscarriages and subfertility，etc. The purpose of this review is to highlight the regulation role of circadian clock in the female reproductive physiology from the perspective of ovarian follicular recruitment，ovulation induction，embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance.