深圳和太原PM2.5金属元素分析与致癌风险评价

  目的  对深圳和太原细颗粒物（particulate matter 2.5，PM_2.5）进行金属元素分析和致癌风险评价。  方法  采集2017-2018年深圳和太原PM_2.5样品，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry，ICP-MS）对PM_2.5中10种金属元素浓度进行测量，并采用美国环境保护署（U.S Environmental Protection Agency，EPA）推荐的人体健康风险评估模型评价其健康风险。  结果  2017-2018年深圳PM_2.5中金属元素浓度排序:铝>铅>锰>铬>铜>钒>砷>镍>镉>钴，浓度分别是1 807.67、31.02、30.63、17.37、17.32、11.59、6.98、4.76、2.24和2.20 ng/m3；太原2017-2018年PM_2.5中金属元素浓度排序:铝>锰>铅>铬>铜>砷>镍>钒>镉>钴，浓度分别是2 817.64、91.04、63.33、26.56、24.69、11.82、10.39、4.46、3.42和1.01 ng/m3；深圳与太原PM_2.5中铅、锰、砷、镍浓度差异具有统计学意义（均有P<0.05），其余金属浓度两市间差异无统计学意义。风险评估结果显示，深圳和太原5种致癌金属的致癌风险总和均>1.00×10-4，太原PM_2.5中5种金属致癌风险（3.79×10-4）大于深圳（2.44×10-4）。5种致癌金属中铬致癌风险最高（>1.00×10-4），砷、镍、镉的致癌风险为1.00×10-6~1.00×10-4，铅的致癌风险<1.00×10-6。  结论  深圳和太原PM_2.5中部分金属元素对人体存在一定程度的致癌风险，需要高度重视并采取预防控制措施。

Metal elements analysis and risk assessment of carcinogenicity on PM2.5 samples collected from Shenzhen and Taiyuan

  Objective  To conduct metal elements analysis and risk assessment of carcinogenicity on Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM_2.5) collected from Shenzhen and Taiyuan.  Methods  PM_2.5 samples were collected in Shenzhen and Taiyuan from 2017 to 2018. Ten heavy metal elements in PM_2.5 samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Health risk assessment was conducted using the recommended United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) model.  Results  Metal elements found in PM_2.5 samples from Shenzhen included (in decreasing order of concentration) Al, Pb, Mn, Cr, Cu, V, As, Ni, Cd and Co. Their levels were 1 807.67, 31.02, 30.63, 17.37, 17.32, 11.59, 6.98, 4.76, 2.24, 2.20 ng/m3, respectively. Metal elements in PM_2.5 samples from Taiyuan included Al, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cu, As, Ni, V, Cd and Co. Their levels were 2 817.64, 91.04, 63.33, 26.56, 24.69, 11.82, 10.39, 4.46, 3.42, 1.01 ng/m3, respectively. There were significant differences among Pb, Mn, As, Ni levels between Shenzhen and Taiyuan (all P<0.05), but remaining metal element levels did not show significant differences between Shenzhen and Taiyuan. Risk assessment data showed that the total risk from five carcinogenic metal elements in Taiyuan and Shenzhen were more than 1.00×10-4 and the total risk from five carcinogenic metal elements of Taiyuan(3.79×10-4) was higher than Shenzhen(2.44×10-4). Among five carcinogenic metal elements, Cr had the highest carcinogenicity risk (>1.00×10-4), then followed by As, Ni and Cd (1.00×10-6-1.00×10-4). Pb had the lowest risk (<1.00×10-6).  Conclusion  Some of the metal elements in PM_2.5 samples collected from Shenzhen and Taiyuan have carcinogenicity risk. Further researches and measures for prevention and control should be considered.