德清农村居民糖尿病和高血压共患病率及其危险因素

目的了解德清农村居民糖尿病和高血压共患病情况并探究其危险因素.方法采用横断面研究,在浙江省德清县随机整群抽取8个乡镇作为研究现场,共调查29 306名成人居民.调查内容包括:人口学信息、社会经济学特征、行为和生活方式、慢性病家族史,进行血压、血糖的测量.结果在研究人群中,2型糖尿病患病率为3.34%,高血压患病率为28.72%,其中2.01%人群共患糖尿病和高血压,共患率在70 ~79岁均达到较高水平.无序多元Logistics回归结果显示:糖尿病家族史(OR=4.94,95% CI:3.24~7.54,P<0.001)、拥有伴侣(OR =2.17,95%CI:1.18~4.00,P=0.013)是仅糖尿病患病的可能危险因素,体重指数(body mass index,BMI)<24 kg/m^2(OR=0.48,95% CI:0.39~0.59,P<0.001)是糖尿病的可能保护因素;BMI< 24 kg/m^2(OR =0.60,95% CI:0.56~0.64,P<0.001)、完成义务教育(OR =0.54,95% CI:0.49~0.59,P<0.001)、运动(OR =0.77,95% CI:0.69~0.86,P<0.001)是高血压患病的保护因素,饮酒(OR=1.18,95% CI:1.08~1.29,P<0.001)是仅高血压患病的可能危险因素;BMI< 24 kg/m^2(OR=0.26,95% CI:0.21~0.31,P<0.001)、完成义务教育(OR =0.50,95% CI:0.35~0.72,P<0.001)、饮茶(OR=0.80,95% CI:0.64~ 0.99,P=0.045)是两病共患的保护因素,农民(OR=1.35,95% CI:1.04~1.76,P=0.024)、糖尿病家族史(OR =4.21,95% CI:2.71~6.57,P<0.001)、高血压家族史(OR=1.86,95% CI:1.31~2.64,P=0.001)是两病共患的危险因素.结论德清地区农村居民糖尿病患病水平低于全国平均水平,高血压患病水平与全国平均水平接近,也有一定的共患病水平.女性、年龄>60岁、农民、糖尿病家族史、高血压家族史、超重或肥胖人群是可能的高危因素,需要进一步的干预和控制.

The prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and hypertension in Deqing rural community

  Objective  This study aimed to describe the prevalence of both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension, and to explore possible risk factors.  Methods  A Cross-sectional study was conducted in eight towns cluster-sampled randomly from Deqing County, Zhejiang Province. Totally. 29 306 subjects aged ≥ 18 years old were recruited into this survey. Information on general information, life styles, health status and family history of chronic diseases was collected. Physical examinations including height, weight, blood pressure, etc. were done. Fasting plasma glucose was also tested.  Results  The prevalence of only T2DM, only hypertension and both of them was 3.34%, 28.72%, and 2.01%, respectively. Such prevalence of both reached a peak at the age of 70-79 years old.Family history of diabetes mellitus(OR=4.94, 95% CI: 3.24-7.54, P < 0.001) and having a spouse(OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.18-4.00, P=0.013) were possible risk factors of diabetes mellitus, body mass index(BMI) < 24 kg/m2(OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.39-0.59, P < 0.001) was the possible protective factor of diabetes mellitus, BMI < 24 kg/m2(OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.56-0.64, P < 0.001), completing compulsory education(OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.49-0.59, P < 0.001) and exercise(OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.69-0.86, P < 0.001) were protective factors of hypertension, drinking(OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.08-1.29, P < 0.001) was the possible risk factor of hypertension. BMI < 24 kg/m2(OR=0.26, 95% CI: 0.21-0.31, P < 0.001), completing compulsory education(OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.35-0.72, P < 0.001) and drinking tea(OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99, P=0.045) were protective factors of these two diseases. Farmers(OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.04-1.76, P=0.024), family history of diabetes(OR=4.21, 95% CI: 2.71-6.57, P < 0.001) and family history of hypertension(OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.31-2.64, P=0.001) were risk factors for the co occurrence of two diseases.  Conclusions  The prevalence of diabetes among adults in Deqing County was relatively lower than other places. The prevalence of hypertension was close to the level of other regions. Age, overweight, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes and hypertension were the risk factors of diabetes and hypertension. Diabetes mellitus was a high-risk group of hypertension. Further means should be taken to strengthen the self-management and treatment of this group. Further intervention action should be taken to promote health and quality of life.