老年人衰弱的影响因素分析

目的  探索老年人衰弱的影响因素。 方法  从东莞市大朗镇随机抽取8个社区，采用项目开发的衰弱指数量表调查符合条件的老年人。采用χ²检验进行单因素分析，有序多分类Logistic回归进行多因素分析。 结果  单因素分析结果显示，不同人口学特点、家庭关系、经济情况及生活方式的老人衰弱情况分布有差异，且差异均有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。多因素分析显示，低年龄（OR=0.13，P<0.001）、男性（OR=0.65，P=0.012）、每天锻炼身体（OR=0.76，P=0.049）是老年人衰弱的保护因素。未接受教育（OR=2.42，P<0.001）、每月见到子女次数较少（OR=1.82，P=0.035）、以养老金为主要经济来源（OR=1.59，P<0.001）、低体力活动水平（OR=2.18，P<0.001）及不进行社会参与活动（OR=1.41，P=0.004）是衰弱发生的危险因素。 结论  年龄、性别、受教育程度、每月见到子女次数、经济来源、锻炼身体频率、体力活动水平及社会参与情况是老年人衰弱的影响因素。

Analysis on influencing factors of the frailty of the elderly

  Objective  To explore influencing factors of the elderly's frailty.  Methods  Eight communities were randomly selected from Dalang Town, Dongguan City, and all the eligible elderly people were investigated using the self-developed frailty index. Univariate analysis was performed using the χ2 test, and multivariate analysis was performed by ordinal multi-class Logistic regression.  Results  Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the distribution of frailty conditions among different demographic characteristics, family relationships, economic situation and lifestyle (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that younger age (OR=0.13, P<0.001), male (OR=0.65, P=0.012), and daily exercise (OR=0.76, P=0.049) were protective factors for frailty of the elderly. Illiterate (OR=2.42, P<0.001), fewer times to see children per month (OR=1.82, P=0.035), pension funds as the main economic source (OR=1.59, P<0.001), low level of physical activity (OR=2.18, P<0.001) and none social participation (OR=1.41, P=0.004) were risk factors of frailty.  Conclusion  Age, gender, education level, times to see children per month, economic source, exercise frequency, physical activity level and social participation are the influencing factors of frailty of the elderly.