初中教育阶段流动儿童心理健康影响因素队列研究

目的  分析初中教育阶段流动儿童心理健康的总体状况、变动趋势以及影响因素。 方法  各期资料均来源于中国教育追踪调查。2013-2014学年基线调查采用分层次、多阶段、与规模成比例的概率抽样方法，全国初中教育阶段10 279名七年级学生进入调查队列，2014-2015学年一期追访到9 449人，选取其中1 645名流动儿童作为分析对象。基于调查问卷中的学生自报心理健康量表，采用t检验方法和多元线性回归模型开展流动儿童心理健康的单因素分析和多因素分析。 结果  1 645名初中教育阶段流动儿童的基线心理健康总体得分为(8.33±3.31)分，比非流动儿童得分(8.03±3.17)高，随时间推移到追踪期升高至(8.60±3.79)分，43.3%的被调查者更高频地出现消极心理状态。性别、认知水平、居住方式、兄弟姐妹数量以及学校排名等对心理健康总体得分产生的影响差异具有统计学意义(均有P < 0.05)。 结论  流动儿童心理健康状况相对于非流动儿童更加脆弱，且有持续恶化趋势。流动儿童中的女性、认知能力较弱者、不与父母双方同住者、非独生子女以及所在学校排名中等及以上者心理健康状况偏差。

Cohort study on determinants of mental health of migrant adolescents in junior high schools

  Objective  To analyze the status, changing trends and determinants of mental health of migrant adolescents in junior high schools.  Methods  All of the data came from China Education Panel Survey (CEPS). CEPS baseline survey was conducted during the 2013-2014 school year by using a stratified multistage probability sampling design. 10 279 nationally representative adolescents from the seventh grade in junior high schools were enrolled in the base school year of data collection and 9 449 participants were followed up at the second wave of data collection during the 2014-2015 school year. Our analytic sample (n=1 645) included all the migrant adolescents who had valid data on mental health. Based on CEPS self-reported mental health scale, t-test method and multivariate linear regression model were used to examine the determinants of mental health of migrant adolescents by performing univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.  Results  The baseline mental health score of migrant adolescents was (8.33±3.31), higher than that of non-migrant adolescents, and significantly increased to (8.60±3.79) in the follow-up school year. 43.3% of participants had negative mental status at higher frequency as time went on. Sex, cognitive skills, co-residence arrangements, numbers of siblings and school rankings were significant influencing factors for mental health score of migrant adolescents.  Conclusions  The mental health status of migrant adolescents are more vulnerable than that of non-migrant adolescents and continue deteriorating. Among migrant adolescents, female, those with weak cognitive skills, those who do not live with both parents, those who are not only children and those in schools ranking medium and above are more likely to have a poor mental health state.