城区学龄前儿童肥胖与血压的关系

目的调查青岛市城区学龄前儿童血压现状,明确学龄前儿童肥胖与血压的关系。方法采用整群方便抽样,抽取青岛市城区13家中等规模幼儿园,测量大、中、小班儿童身高、体重、腰围、臀围和血压,评价体质指数(body mass index, BMI)、腰臀比、腰围身高比,分析儿童肥胖与血压间的关系。结果青岛市城区学龄前儿童收缩压(systoblic blood pressure, SBP)和舒张压(diastolic blood pressure, DBP)均值分别为(95.52±7.66)mmHg和(62.78±6.52)mmHg;调查儿童中高血压检出率为13.50%;儿童SBP和DBP与BMI、腰围、臀围和腰围身高比均呈正相关;BMI和年龄与血压存在线性回归关系;超重组和肥胖组儿童高血压患病风险分别为正常体重组的5.191和2.824倍。结论青岛市城区学龄前儿童高血压发病率较高,超重和肥胖是其血压升高的危险因素,因此在防控学龄前儿童肥胖的同时,学龄前儿童血压监测与高血压早期干预应尽快提上工作日程。

Association between obesity and blood pressure in preschool children in urban areas

  Objective  To investigate the blood pressure status of preschool children in urban areas of Qingdao, and to determine the relationship between obesity and blood pressure in preschool children.  Methods  A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 13 kindergartens in urban districts of Qingdao. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure of children in three classes were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio were calculated and the relationship between obesity and blood pressure was analyzed.  Results  The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in preschool children in urban areas of Qingdao were (95.52±7.66) and (62.78±6.52) mmHg, respectively.The detection rate of hypertension in preschool children was 13.50%. The SBP and DBP were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist to height ratio. There was a linear regression relationship between body mass index and age and blood pressure. The risk of hypertension in overweight and obese children was 5.191 and 2.824 times of normal body weight, respectively.  Conclusions  The prevalence of hypertension in preschool children in Qingdao urban areas is high.Overweight and obesity are risk factors for elevated blood pressure.Therefore, while preventing preschool children from obesity, preschool children's blood pressure monitoring and blood pressure monitoring and early intervention of hypertension of preschool children should be implemented.