北京市托幼园（所）5522名学龄前儿童视觉状况调查

为了解北京市托幼园（所）学龄前儿童视觉发育状况及弱视等病的流行特点，对北京市托幼园（所）５５２２名学龄前儿童进行了抽样调查。结果：３岁、４岁、５岁、６岁和７岁组儿童视力１．０检出率分别为６４．５４％、６４．９５％、７３．０８％、８２．６２％和９６．７７％，农村最高，城镇其次，城市最低；屈光不正以远视为主；显性斜视的检出率为１．５４％，隐性斜视为４０．２５％；弱视发生率为２．９９％，以屈光不正和屈光参差性弱视占全部弱视的６６．０６％，斜视性弱视占１５．１５％。屈光不正、斜视和弱视儿童的立体视率明显低于正常，χ２＝１７．５６，Ｐ＜０．０１。提示：学龄前儿童视力随年龄增长而增加，屈光不正、斜视和弱视是儿童期影响正常视功能形成的主要因素，应加强监测与矫治。

A survey on visual development of preschool children in kindergarten in Beijing

To understand the status of visual development of preschool children in Beijing, the authors carried out an epidemiological survey on visual acuity, refractive state, deviation and amblyopia of preschool children ( n = 5 522 ) in Beijing. The results showed that children at 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 years of age with the visual acuity of 1.0 accounted for 64.54%, 64.95%, 73.08%, 82.62% and 96.77%, respectively. In terms of areas, the highest was seen in villages, the moderate in towns and the lowest city areas. Ametropia was mainly hyperopia; 1.54% of the children were diagnosed as strabismus, 40.25% as heterophoria and 2.99% as amblyopia. Amblyopia was mainly caused by ametropia and anisometropia, which accounted for 66.06% of all the causes for amblyopia. 15.15% of amblyopia were caused by strabismus. These results suggest that the normal rate of visual acuity increases with growth and development of preschool children. Ametropia, strabismus and amblyopia have disadvantageous effects on visual development of children. Monitoring and intervention for these three abnormalities are necessary and important.