细胞色素P450酶参与动物体内代谢的研究与展望

细胞色素P450酶(Cytochrome P450 enzymes,CYP450)通过其活性部位的Fe3+使底物得到O2中的一个氧原子并伴随着得失电子来进一步实现化合物的氧化过程。其家族成员CYP3A4在治疗抗COVID-19的化学药物中能介导利托那韦(Ritonvir)与洛匹那韦(Lopinavir)的代谢来达到最佳治疗效果的血药浓度;胆固醇侧链裂解酶(Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme,P450scc)具有催化类固醇生物合成的功能;CYP19A1可在脊椎动物中催化底物形成六元环芳香化物且能催化雌性激素的产生;CYP17A1可催化雄性激素合成,这些酶都能有效催化体内的底物,实现体内调控的功能。其家族成员广泛存在于动物体内并行使着各自的功能,例如促进类固醇激素(Steroid hormones)的合成、调控治疗药物与脂溶性激素(Fat-soluble vitamins)的代谢、促进致癌α-细辛脑(Alphaasarone)的代谢、作为信号分子检测生化反应等功能。目前许多家族成员及其功能还尚未被发掘,所以研究细胞色素P450酶具有重大意义。本文对细胞色素P450酶的结构、功能及其展望作简要综述。

Research and Prospect of Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Involvement in Animal Metabolism

Cytochrome P450 enzyme uses Fe3+in its active site to make the substrate get an oxygen atom in O2,and along with the gain and loss of electrons,the oxidation process of the compound is further realized. Its family member CYP3 A4 can mediate the metabolism of lopinavir and lopinavir in the treatment of anti-COVID-19 chemical drugs to achieve the best therapeutic effect of plasma concentration;cholesterol side chain lyase has the ability to catalyze steroid biosynthesis functions;CYP19 A1 can catalyze the formation of six-membered aromatic compounds from substrates in vertebrates and can catalyze the production of estrogen;CYP17 A1 can catalyze androgen synthesis.These enzymes can effectively catalyze substrates in the body and realize the function of regulation in vivo.Its family members are widely found in animals and perform their own functions,such as promoting the synthesis of steroid hormones,regulating the metabolism of therapeutic drugs and fat-soluble hormones,promoting the metabolism of carcinogenic α-asarone,and detecting biochemical reactions as signal molecules. Many family members and their functions have not yet been discovered,so the study of cytochrome P450 enzymes is of great significance.This article has briefly reviewed the structure,function and prospect of cytochrome P450 enzymes.