内窥镜辅助下侧颅底手术

目的 观察内窥镜辅助下侧颅底手术的疗效及并发症.方法 在内窥镜辅助下采用迷路进路及乙状窦后进路行听神经瘤手术11例,颅中窝进路及颅中窝、乳突联合进路行岩尖胆脂瘤手术5例.结果 听神经瘤全切除9例,2例残留部分包膜;术中内窥镜下探查面神经均完整,其中9例术后无面瘫表现,2例术后出现轻度周围性面瘫;术中内窥镜下探查蜗神经均完整,2例术后听力与术前比较保持不变,9例出现不同程度听力下降.其中,中度感音神经性耳聋1例,中重度2例,重度3例,极重度3例.岩尖胆脂瘤患者均行病变全切除,3例术前面瘫患者经术中减压,术后9个月内均恢复.2例术后出现中重度传导性耳聋,其余患者术后听力无明显改变.结论 侧颅底手术中使用内窥镜可提高血管、神经保全率及病变全切率,但也有其不足,仅能作为显微镜手术的辅助使用.

Endoscope-assisted lateral skull base surgery

Objective To explore the therapeutic efficacy and complications of endoscope-assisted lateral skull base surgery. Methods Assisted by hard-tube ear endoscope, 11 patients with acoustic neuroma were operated via labyrinthine approach and retrosigmoid approach, and 5 patients with petrous apex cholesteatoma were operated via middle cranial fossa approach and mastoid-middle cranial fessa approach. Results Among 11 patients with acoustic neuroma, total removal was achieved in 9 cases (81.8%), subtotal in 2 cases (18.2%). Facial nerves and cochlear nerves were preserved completely during operation. After operation there was no facial paralysis in 9 cases (81.8%), mild peripheral facial paralysis in 2 cases (18.2%), the same hearing level as that of preoperation in 2 patients (18.2%), hearing impairment in different degrees in 9 cases (81.8%), among which moderate sensorinural hearing loss in 1 patient (9.1%), moderate to severe in 2 patients (18.2%), severe in 3 patients (27.3%), profound in 3 patients (27.3%). Among 5 patients with petrous apex cholesteatoma, total removal was achieved in all cases. After operation, preoperative facial paralysis in 3 patients disappeared within 9 months, and moderate to severe conduction deafness appeared in 2 patients. Conclusions The application of ear endoscope in lateral skull base surgery can improve the total removal of lesions and the salvage rate of vessels and nerves. However, its disadvantages make it only be an assistant method for micresurgery.