丙烯腈作业人群的神经行为特征研究

目的评价丙烯腈对职业人群神经行为功能的影响、效应特征及其可能的影响因素.方法选取石化公司职业接触丙烯腈的作业工人175名作为接触组(其中低浓度组81人、中浓度组94人),另根据接触组的年龄、性别和文化程度从不接触任何毒物的人群中选取174人作为对照组,采用WHO神经行为核心测试组合综合评价神经行为功能.结果低、中浓度接触组的消极情感状态得分高于对照组,但中浓度组得分却较低浓度组有所降低,差异有显著性(P＜0,05);低、中两组的数字跨度测试倒序得分(6.16±2.36、5.90±2.38)明显低于对照组(7.84±2.22),差异有显著性(P＜0.01);低、中接触组目标追踪Ⅱ测试中总打点数(227.65±43.00、238.23±44.58)和正确打点数(223.86±40.28、231.67±42 03)低于对照组(265.97±57.13、259.60±54.15),差异有显著性(P＜0.01).对低浓度组和中浓度组进行工龄分层分析提示,短期记忆损害具有明显的工龄效应关系.结论长期接触丙烯腈对作业工人神经行为功能的影响主要表现为消极情绪增加,短期记忆能力下降以及手部运动速度减慢,且短期记忆影响和心理运动能力改变具有明显接触工龄效应关系.

Neurobehavioral characteristics of workers exposed to acrylonitrile

Objectives To explore the characteristics of neurobehavioral functions of acrylonitrile workers with different exposure levels,and to evaluate the possible influencing factors. Methods Workers from a petrochemical company severed as exposure group,among which the workers in an acrylonitrile producing factory as low level group( n =81),and the workers in a fibers producing plant as middle level group( n =94).Control group( n =174) was selected based on age,sex,education levels and the duration of employment of exposure groups.WHO NCTB was applied to evaluate the neurobehavioral functions of all subjects. Results Among indicators of profile of mood states,the scores of negative moods in low exposure and middle exposure groups were significantly higher than those of control group,but the scores of middle exposure group were statistically lower than those of low level exposure group.Performances in the simple reaction time,digit span(backward),Santa Ana dexterity,benten visual retention and pursuit aiming II were poorer in the two groups than those in the control,except that for digit span(forward).Further analysis stratified by period of exposure and sex,some significant results were obtained on exposure duration and sex dependent adversely effects. Conclusion Acrylonitrile exposure can adversely affect neurobehavioral functions of professional workers,main effects being inducing negative moods,damaging immediate memory,delaying reaction time,and decreasing hand movement speed.