超声心动图诊断主动脉左心室通道的价值

目的 探讨超声心动图诊断与鉴别诊断主动脉左心室通道(aortico-left ventricular tunnel,AOLVT)的价值.方法回顾分析近20年来9例先心病AOLVT的超声心动图特点,总结诊断方法,分析超声容易漏诊、误诊的原因,提出鉴别诊断要点.结果 9例AOLVT中,除1例术前经CT检查确诊,因心脏骤停死亡外,其余8例全部完成外科手术治疗,术中确诊为AOLVT.超声于术前准确诊断5例,误诊4例,误诊病例中有3例诊断为主动脉瓣关闭不全,1例诊断为主动脉夹层瘤.分析全部患者超声心动图图像,AOLVT有其特有的结构及血流特点.最主要特点包括:二维超声显示主动脉瓣环与主动脉壁分离;彩色多普勒显示通道内收缩期左室流向主动脉花彩加速血流.此血流顺着通道走行,与其并行的主动脉瓣前向血流则不加速,色彩暗淡,舒张期则显示通道内由主动脉反流向左室的花彩加速血流.本病合并主动脉瓣病变时容易误诊为单纯主动脉瓣病变.8例手术患者中有7例术后6个月左室内径明显回缩(P＜0.001),左室射血分数提高(P＜0.001),仅1例行主动脉瓣机械瓣置换术患者术后心功能无明显恢复,2个月后因机械瓣瓣周漏死亡.结论 AOLVT诊断主要依赖超声心动图.提高对这类畸形的认识,研究其结构及血流动力学特点.可以提高本病的早期发现率及诊断的准确性.

Ecbocardiographyic diagnosis of aortico-left ventricular tunnel

Objective To explore the value of echocardiography on diagnosis and differential diagnosis of aortico-left ventricular tunnel(AOLVT).Methods Echocardiographic features of 9 patients with AOLVT were reviewed and analyzed.The diagnosis methodology was summarized;the reasons for missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis by echocardiography were analyzed.Results Among 9 patients with AOLVT,one was diagnosed through CT examination prior to the operation and died from the cardiac arrest.The others all received the surgical operation and were diagnosed as AOLVT.Five patients were accurately diagnosed by echocardiography prior to the operation,4 patients were misdiagnosed,in which 3 patients were diagnosed as aortic valve regurgitation,one patient was diagnosed as aortic dissecting aneurysm.The diameter of left ventricle(LV)decreased and LV ejection fraction increased distinctively for 7 operated patients(P＜0.001)in six months after operation.Only one operated patient failed to recover from the LV dysfunction and died of aortic valve perivalvular leak in two monthes.Conclusions The diagnosis of the AOLVT mainly depends on the echocardiography.By enhancing the understanding on such disease and investigating on the structure and hemodynamics will be contributive to the accurate diagnosis of echocardiography.