福州海港口岸蝇类时间分布和影响因素的监测分析

目的掌握福州海港口岸不同季节、不同时期蝇类分布状况、变化和影响因素,为控制蝇密度、防范新蝇种入侵、防制蝇媒传染病积累基础数据,提供技术支持和决策依据。方法根据福州海港口岸地理分布和港口类型,采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取8个不同类型的监测点7个不同生境,在2007年7月-2008年6月之间,实施为期1年,每月2次的成蝇监测。现场调查采用诱蝇笼诱捕法,捕获蝇类采用速冻法杀死,进行种属分类鉴定和计数。结果季节消长。蝇类活动呈现双峰型,峰值分别在2007年9月和2008年5月,最高峰为2007年9月,5-10月半年捕获量占总蝇数的94.57%。各蝇种季节消长情况不同,大多数在5-6月份和9月达到最高峰,大头金蝇等呈双峰分布,丝光绿蝇、铜绿蝇、家蝇、市蝇等呈单峰分布,黑尾黑麻蝇、褐须亚麻蝇、酱亚麻蝇等呈三峰分布。不同地点不同生境蝇类季节消长不同。气温和降雨量等气候条件的变化影响蝇密度分布,在温暖但不炎热的季节蝇密度最高,温度过高或过低都不适合蝇类生长,蝇月平均密度和1个月前的降雨量呈正相关,有统计学意义。长期变化趋势。此次监测蝇年平均密度74.66(只/笼·日),比3年前年平均密度120.93(只/笼·日)下降;捕获蝇类4科21属36种,3年前捕获4科14属19种;捕获夏厕蝇、厚环黑蝇、黄足裸变丽蝇、多突亚麻蝇等4种福州市新发现蝇种;常见种群在各生境和监测点中分布和季节消长变化不大。结论福州海港口岸蝇季节消长呈双峰型,活动高峰在5月和9月,和适宜的环境气温和降水量密切相关,应针对气候变化提前采取防范措施。比3年前,年平均密度下降,捕获蝇种明显增加,出现了4个新蝇种。

Surveillance analysis on time distribution and influencing factors of flies at Fuzhou seaport

Objective Accumulate basic data and provide technical support and decision-making references for the controlling of fly density,the prevention of new fly invasion and fly-caused infectious diseases by mastering the flies distribution,variation and influencing factors at different seasons and time at Fuzhou seaport.Methods According to the geography and type of our seaport,8 monitoring points and 7 environments are chosen randomly,fly monitoring is carried out twice a month from July 2007 to June 2008.Fly capturer are employed at field investigation and the flies frozen to death are classified and counted.Results Seasonal fluctuation.The average density of fly had two culminations,the first was at Sep.2007,the second was at May.2008.The flies caught from May to Oct.accounted for 94.57% of the total caught number.The fly species varied with seasonal fluctuation,reaching peak at May,June and September.Chrysomya megacephala etc.had two culminations,Lucilia sericata Meigen and Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann and Musca domestica Linnaeus and Musca sorbens Wiedeemann etc.had only one culmination,Helicophagella melanura Meigen and Parasarcophaga sericea Walker and Parasarcophaga dux Thomson etc.had three culminations.The seasonal growth and decline of fly varied with locations and environments.The fly distribution was influenced by temperature and rainfall,for example,in warm but not hot season,fly density was the highest,while when temperature was too high or low,it didn＇t suit fly growth.There are positive relations between fly density and rainfall.Secular trend.The annual average density of fly was 74.66 flies per cage,lesser than 120.93 flies per cage 3 years ago.There were 36 species,21genera,4 families more than 19 species,14genera,4 families 3 years ago.Ophyra spinigera Stein and Fannia canicularis and Gymnadichosia pusilla Villeneuve and Parasarcophaga polystylata were first discovered at Fuzhou.The distribution and seasonal fluctuation of common fly species were similar.Conclusion The average density of fly has two culminations,the first was Sep.2007,the second was May.2008.As fly distribution was closely related with temperature and rainfall,prevention measures should be taken in advance according to climate changes.Compared with 3 years ago,the fly density is decreasing and the species caught are increasing with 4 newly discovered species.