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Parental occupational exposure to pesticides,animals and organic dust and risk of childhood leukemia and central nervous system tumors: Findings from the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C) |
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| Authors: | Deven M. Patel Rena R. Jones Benjamin J. Booth Ann C. Olsson Hans Kromhout Kurt Straif Roel Vermeulen Gabriella Tikellis Ora Paltiel Jean Golding Kate Northstone Camilla Stoltenberg Siri E. Håberg Joachim Schüz Melissa C. Friesen Anne-Louise Ponsonby Stanley Lemeshow Martha S. Linet Per Magnus Jørn Olsen Sjurdur F. Olsen Terence Dwyer Leslie T. Stayner Mary H. Ward on behalf of the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium |
| Affiliation: | 1. Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD;2. Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD Washington State Department of Health, Office of Community Health Systems, Olympia, WA;3. Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;4. Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;5. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;6. Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;7. Department of Hematology and Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel;8. Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom;9. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway Department of Global Public Health and Community Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;10. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway;11. Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;12. College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;13. Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD;14. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA;15. Department of Epidemiology Research, Center for Fetal Programming, Staten Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark;16. Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom |
| Abstract: | Parental occupational exposures to pesticides, animals and organic dust have been associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer based mostly on case–control studies. We prospectively evaluated parental occupational exposures and risk of childhood leukemia and central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the International Childhood Cancer Cohort Consortium. We pooled data on 329,658 participants from birth cohorts in five countries (Australia, Denmark, Israel, Norway and United Kingdom). Parental occupational exposures during pregnancy were estimated by linking International Standard Classification of Occupations-1988 job codes to the ALOHA+ job exposure matrix. Risk of childhood (<15 years) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; n = 129), acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 31) and CNS tumors (n = 158) was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models to generate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Paternal exposures to pesticides and animals were associated with increased risk of childhood AML (herbicides HR = 3.22, 95% CI = 0.97–10.68; insecticides HR = 2.86, 95% CI = 0.99–8.23; animals HR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.18–12.90), but not ALL or CNS tumors. Paternal exposure to organic dust was positively associated with AML (HR = 2.38 95% CI = 1.12–5.07), inversely associated with ALL (HR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.31–0.99) and not associated with CNS tumors. Low exposure prevalence precluded evaluation of maternal pesticide and animal exposures; we observed no significant associations with organic dust exposure. This first prospective analysis of pooled birth cohorts and parental occupational exposures provides evidence for paternal agricultural exposures as childhood AML risk factors. The different risks for childhood ALL associated with maternal and paternal organic dust exposures should be investigated further. |
| Keywords: | agricultural exposures childhood cancer childhood leukemia childhood brain tumors parental occupation organic dust pesticides animals |