大白鼠大剂量静脉血心脏快速采血方法的改进

背景：随着实验的深入，对动物血液样本的采集速度和质量有了更高的要求，采血技术也亟需改进。目的：对运动医学实验中普遍采用的白鼠心脏穿刺采血技术进行改进，解决从心脏快速采集大剂量静脉血的问题。设计、时间及地点：随机对照动物实验，于2005-10在曲阜师范大学运动生化实验室完成。材料：选用17周龄Wistar雄性大白鼠96只，体质量350~450 g。方法：96只大白鼠随机区组法分为安静组，游泳40 min组和力竭即刻组，每组32只。各组白鼠在实验条件施加后分别于相应时刻，依次用乙醚麻醉，进行心脏采血。首先暴露皮下胸骨剑突，然后从胸骨剑突左侧斜行入针，入针的路线在胸骨左侧缘矢状面上，深度大约2 cm为敏感采血深度，当见到针管有血液进入后，缓慢回抽针管，速度尽量保持均匀，5 mL血液一般用25~35 s的时间采完为宜。主要观察指标：记录各组白鼠采血时间、采血及静脉血成功率。结果：纳入Wistar大白鼠96只，实验中安静组、游泳40 min组和力竭即刻组第1次入针未采集到4 mL以上血液的动物分别为1只、2只和2只，主要原因包括白鼠未固定好，体位不正；未麻醉完全，白鼠在固定板上乱动；入针后实验者回抽针管过急导致针头堵塞等。在对上述因素消除后，第2次入针均采血成功。采血时间各组间相比，差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。采血成功率安静组96.9%、游泳40 min组93.7%、力竭即刻组93.7%。静脉血成功率各组均为100%。结论：从胸骨剑突左侧斜行入针的心脏穿刺采血新技术能更好地满足时间和采血数量、质量有更高要求的实验需要，有效减少时间因素的影响。

Improvement of a large dose blood collection from cardiac veins in white rats

BACKGROUND: With the development, the experiment requires higher speed and quality in blood samples, especially in blood collection technique. OBJECTIVE: Improving the blood collection technique commonly used in sports medicine, to collect a large dose of blood from the heart of white rats rapidly.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal experiments was performed at the Laboratory of Biochemistry movement, Qufu Normal University in October, 2005. MATERIALS: A total of 96 male, 17 weeks old, Wistar rats, weighing 350-450 g, were selected. METHODS: Ninety-six rats were randomly divided into the quiet group, swimming 40 minutes and immediately exhausted groups, with 32 animals in each group. All rats were collected heart blood following etherization. The needle was inserted from left oblique of exposed xiphisternum, which was at the sagittal plane area of lateral margin of left sternum with depth of 2 cm. When blood returning was found, the needle tube was pumpback with a relative uniform motion, it was better to obtain 5 mL of blood within 25-35 s.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Records of the blood sampling time, the success rate of blood and venous blood. RESULTS: All rats were included into the final analysis. One, 2, and 2 animals in the quiet, swimming 40 minutes and immediately exhausted groups, respectively, had not collected more than 4 mL of blood at the first time. The main reason was that rats were not fixed, position was incorrect, incomplete anesthesia, or pinhead was plug for quickly pumpback. In the elimination of the above-mentioned factors, the second needle into the blood was successful. There was no significant in blood sampling time (P > 0.05). The success rate of blood was 96.9%, 93.7% and 93.7% in the quiet, swimming 40 minutes and immediately exhausted groups, respectively. The success rate of venous blood in each group was 100%. CONCLUSION: The improved blood collection technology can collect a great amount of blood in a short time, which can satisfy experimental requirements.