Effects of the “affectionless control” parenting style on personality traits in healthy subjects |
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| Authors: | Koichi Otani Akihito Suzuki Shingo Oshino Genki Ishii Yoshihiko Matsumoto |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan;2. Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan;1. School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;2. Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada;3. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;4. Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation;5. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z9, Canada;6. Fraser Mustard Institute for Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada;1. Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;3. Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;4. Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences and Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | The effects of the affectionless control (AC) parenting style on personality traits were studied in 414 Japanese healthy subjects. Perceived parental rearing was assessed by the Parental Bonding Instrument, which comprises care and protection factors, and personality traits were assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory, which has seven dimensions. Parental rearing was classified into four types, i.e., optimal parenting (high care/low protection), affectionate constraint (high care/high protection), neglectful parenting (low care/low protection), and AC (low care/high protection). Males with maternal AC showed significantly higher harm avoidance (HA) scores and lower scores of persistence and cooperativeness than those with maternal optimal parenting. Females with maternal AC showed significantly higher HA scores and lower self-directedness scores than those with maternal optimal parenting. Paternal AC was not significantly related to any personality score. In females, the interaction between paternal rearing and maternal rearing was significant; the effect of maternal AC on HA scores was strongest when combined with paternal neglectful parenting. The present study suggests that the AC type parenting by mothers is associated with specific personality traits, especially high HA, in healthy subjects. |
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