Nano- and sub-micron porous polyelectrolyte multilayer assemblies: Biomimetic surfaces for human corneal epithelial cells |
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| Authors: | Christina S Hajicharalambous Jenny Lichter William T Hix Magdalena Swierczewska Michael F Rubner Padmavathy Rajagopalan |
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| Institution: | 1. Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02139, USA;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;1. Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea;3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt;4. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Graphene Research Center, KI for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Electronic Engineering & Institute of Gachon Fusion Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 146-701, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK;2. TAP Biosystems, York Way, Royston, Hertfordshire SG8 5WY, UK;1. Physics Department and Institute for Medical Engineering, IMETUM, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany;2. Department for Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Medical Engineering, IMETUM, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany;3. Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany;4. Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 23a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;1. Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore;4. Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore;5. Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore;6. Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;7. Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | In vivo, corneal epithelial cells adhere on basement membranes that exhibit porosity on the nanoscale with the diameters of pores and fibers ranging from 20 to 200 nm. Polyelectrolyte multilayers with porosity ranging from the nano to the microscale were assembled to mimic the pore sizes of corneal membranes in vivo. The average pore diameter was found to be 100 nm and 600 nm for the nanoporous and sub-micron porous films respectively. In this study, a purely physical feature, specifically, porosity, provided cues to human corneal epithelial cells. Porous surfaces that exhibited either 100 nm or 600 nm pore diameters supported corneal cell adhesion, however, nanoscale porosity significantly enhanced corneal epithelial cellular response. Corneal epithelial cell proliferation and migration speeds were significantly higher on nanoporous topographies. The actin cytoskeletal organization was well defined and vinculin focal adhesions were found in cells presented with a nanoscale environment. These trends prevailed for fibronectin-coated surfaces as well suggesting that for human corneal epithelial cells, the physical environment plays a defining role in guiding cell behavior. |
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