Alexithymia,temperament and character as predictors of psychopathology in patients with major depression |
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| Authors: | Rupert Conrad Ingo Wegener Katrin Imbierowicz Reinhard Liedtke Franziska Geiser |
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| Institution: | 1. Psychosomatic Unit, IRCCS De Bellis Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy;2. Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy;3. Department of Medical Sciences of Communication and Behavior, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy;4. Department of Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy;5. Clinical Epidemiology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy;6. Mental Health Unit, National Center of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Roma, Italy;7. Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA;8. Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy;9. Department of Mental Health, Padova, Italy;1. Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE — Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy;2. Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Piazza delle Vaschette 101, 00193 Rome, Italy;3. Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Via Po 14, 10123 Turin, Italy;4. Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;1. Research Service and the Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States;2. Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States;1. LPPS – EA 4057, Institut de Psychologie, Paris Descartes University, France;2. Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Psychiatry, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France;3. Inserm U669 – Maison de Solenn, Paris Descartes and Paris Sud Universities, France;4. AP-HP, Department of Clinical Research, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France |
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| Abstract: | The study investigated the capacity of alexithymic personality features, in combination with temperament and character traits, age and gender, to predict psychopathological symptoms in patients with major depression. Consecutive patients (n = 339) were investigated using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), and the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales (HDRS, HARS). The amount of variance in SCL-90-R subscales and Hamilton scales predicted by TAS-20, TCI, age and gender was calculated by linear regression analyses. The ‘difficulties identifying feeling’ facet of alexithymia appeared to be a significant predictor of all dimensions of psychopathology. Among TCI scales harm avoidance was the strongest predictor for somatization, phobic anxiety, and anxiety (SCL-90-R, HARS); low self-directedness was the strongest predictor for obsessionality, depression (SCL-90-R, HDRS), interpersonal sensitivity and psychoticism; and low cooperativeness was the strongest predictor for hostility and paranoia. In conclusion, many psychopathological symptoms in major depression are associated with difficulties in the identification of emotions. Relative to alexithymia, Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality could predict psychopathological symptoms in a distinct and meaningful manner. The TAS-20 and the TCI are useful questionnaires for a better understanding of the relationship between psychopathology and personality in major depression. |
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