金黄色葡萄球菌医院感染的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解金黄色葡萄球菌(SAU)医院感染的临床分布及耐药特性.方法 回顾性调查2009年1月-2010年12月从临床各类标本中分离获得的168株SAU,统计其在各类标本和病区的分布特点,并用KB法测定常用抗菌药物的敏感性.结果 168株SAU中有117株为MRSA,占69.6％;SAU的耐药率普遍较高,除对万古霉素、替考拉宁、利奈唑胺全部敏感外,对青霉素类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类药物的耐药率均＞60.0％;SAU以痰液、尿液和血液标本检出数最多,分别为24.4％、21.4％和18.5％;科室分布ICU占20.2％、呼吸内科占16.1％、肾内科占14.9％及中医科占14.3％.结论 SAU的耐药率呈上升趋势,且MRSA检出率日趋严重,已对临床抗菌药物的选择构成困难,必须加强对高危病区及高危人群的监测,做好预防和消毒隔离,防止SAU,特别是MRSA的流行播散.

Clinical distribution and drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus causing nosocomial infections

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical distribution of Staphylococcus aureus infections and the drug resistance.METHODS A total of 168 strains of S.aureus isolated from various clinical specimens during Jan 2009-Dec 2010 were investigated retrospectively,the characteristics of the distribution in specimens and wards were statistically analyzed,and the drug susceptibility testing for common antibiotics was performed by K-B method.RESULTS Of 168 strains of S.aureus isolated,there were 117 strains of MRSA,accounting for 69.6%;the result of the drug susceptibility testing demonstrated that the drug resistance rates of S.aureus were relatively high to all the antibiotics except vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid,the resistance rates to penicilins,aminoglycoside,quinolones and sulfanilamide were higher than 60.0%;the sputum,urine and blood were the top three specimens sources from which S.aureus were isolated,accounting for 24.4%,21.4% and 18.5%;the isolates mainly distributed in ICU(20.2%),department of respiratory medicine(16.1%),department of nephrology(14.9%) and department of traditional Chinese medicine(14.3%).CONCLUSION The trend of drug resistance of S.aureus and the detection rate of MRSA are increasingly serious,which make great trouble for choosing antibiotics;it is necessary to intensify the monitoring of the high risk wards and population,take better preventive measures and isolation and disinfection so as to prevent S.aureus,MRSA in particular.