小儿下呼吸道感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解小儿下呼吸道感染病原菌的分布及对常用抗菌药物的耐药性。方法选择在医院治疗的320例下呼吸道感染患儿,年龄2d～12岁,其中男172例,女148例;对所有患者的痰液进行细菌培养以及药敏试验。结果 320例患者中共培养出264株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌168株,占63.6%,分布在前几位的是铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌以及不动杆菌属等,革兰阳性菌70株,占26.6%,其中以表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主,真菌26株,占9.8%,以白色假丝酵母菌为主;药敏试验表明,革兰阴性菌耐药性最低为亚胺培南,而对于革兰阳性菌的耐药性最高为头孢一代,最低为万古霉素。结论小儿下呼吸道感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,严重感染可选用亚胺培南。

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections in children

OBJECTIVE To understand the species of the pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections in children and the drug resistance to commonly used antibiotics.METHODS A total of 320 patients with lower respiratory tract infections aged from 2 day to 12 years old were chosen,including 172 males and 148 females;the bacterial culture of the sputum of all the patients and drug susceptibility testing were performed.RESULTS Totally 264 strains of pathogens were cultured from 320 patients,there were 168(63.6%) strains of gram-negative bacteria,among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Acinetobacter were dominant;there were 70(26.6%) strains of gram-positive bacteria,among which Staphylococcus aureus and S.epidermidis were dominant;there were 26(9.8%) strains of fungi,among which Candida albicans was main the species;the result of the drug susceptibility testing showed that the drug resistance of gram-negative bacteria to imipenem was the lowest,the drug resistance of gram-positive bacteria to the first generation of cephalosporin was the highest,vancomycin was the lowest.CONCLUSION Gram-negative bacteria were predominant pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections in the children,imipenem can be used for the children with severe infections.