330例患者医院感染相关因素分析及监测对策

目的 了解医院感染相关因素,为医院感染目标性监测及其预防控制提供可靠依据.方法 对医院2010年1月-2011年3月的住院患者进行回顾性及前瞻性调查,并对医院感染相关因素进行分析.结果 2010年1月-2011年3月住院患者中发生医院感染330例、340例次,感染率为0.98％、例次感染率为1.01％；科室之间的医院感染率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),医院感染前3位的为下呼吸道、术后切口、上呼吸道,感染率分别为50.00％、14.71％、8.63％,医院感染以革兰阴性菌为主,占78.47％；住院时间＜15 d与＞15 d的感染率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),330例感染病例大部分接受侵入性操作和抗菌药物的使用.结论 医院感染目标性监测、合理使用抗菌药物、严格掌握侵入性操作适应证及操作规程是预防医院感染的关键.

Related factors for nosocomial infections in 330 patients and monitoring countermeasures

OBJECTIVE To understand the related factors of nosocomial infections so as to provide reliable basis for the targeted surveillance and the prevention and control of nosocomial infections.METHODS The hospitalized patients who enrolled from Jan 2010 to Mar 2011 were retrospectively and prospectively investigated,the related factors for nosocomial infections were analyzed.RESULTS Of the hospitalized patients who enrolled from Jan 2010 to Mar 2011,nosocomial infections occurred in 330 patients(340 case-times) with the infection rate of 0.98% and the case-time infection rate of 1.01%;the difference in the infection rate among the departments was statistically significant(P<0.01),the top three infection sites were the lower respiratory tract,postoperative incision,and the upper respiratory tract,the infection rates were 50.00%,14.71%,and 8.63%,respectively,gram-negative bacteria were predominant pathogens causing nosocomial infections,accounting for 78.47%;the difference in the infection rate between the patients with hospital stay less than 15 days and the patients with the hospital stay more than 15 days was statistically significant(P<0.01),most of the 330 patients received the invasive operations and have used antibiotics.CONCLUSION It is crucial to prevent nosocomial infections through the targeted surveillance,reasonable use of antibiotics,strict adherence to the indications for invasive operations and the operation procedures.