Effect of non-selective gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor stimulation on motor function of the lower oesophageal sphincter and gastro-oesophageal reflux in healthy human subjects

BACKGROUND: Transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation and low lower oesophageal sphincter pressure are the main mechanisms of reflux. It has recently been shown that the stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptors by baclofen decreases the rate of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation and increases the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in healthy humans. Valproic acid increases synaptosomal GABA concentrations, thus affecting all types of GABA receptors. AIM: To evaluate the effect of valproic acid on transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation, lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and gastro-oesophageal reflux. METHODS: Thirteen healthy subjects underwent 2-h post-prandial oesophageal motility and pH monitoring on two separate occasions after the oral administration of 1 g valproic acid or placebo. RESULTS: Valproic acid increased the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure by 41% (14.0 +/- 2.1 mmHg vs. 9.9 +/- 2.0 mmHg after placebo, P<0.02), but did not affect the rate of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation (7.9 +/- 1.0/h vs. 8.2 +/- 0.9/h after placebo), the number of reflux episodes or gastro-oesophageal reflux. CONCLUSIONS: Non-selective GABA receptor stimulation may be beneficial to reflux patients with low lower oesophageal sphincter pressure, but exerts a different modulation of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation than the selective stimulation of GABAB receptors.