珠心算的功能磁共振成像研究

目的：应用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术研究接受过珠心算训练的儿童在执行计算任务时的脑功能状态及激活模式。方法：对12名接受过3年珠心算训练的儿童进行加、减、乘、除计算和数物对照判断实验。采用组块设计模式，静息组块与刺激组块交替出现，循环3次。设备为Siemens公司Trio 3.0T磁共振扫描仪及头部正交线圈，采用EPI序列进行BOLD脑功能磁共振成像。应用SPM2软件对原始图像进行数据处理和统计学分析，以获取执行不同任务的脑功能图。结果：加、减、乘、除法计算实验均可见双侧枕叶（双侧楔叶）、右侧顶叶（右侧顶下小叶、右侧顶上小叶、右侧楔前叶、右侧中央后回）及双侧小脑半球激活，尤以双侧楔叶激活明显。右侧舌回见于加法和除法计算。减法和乘法计算可见左侧舌回激活。乘法计算还见左侧楔前叶和右侧梭状回激活。结论：珠心算训练的儿童在执行计算任务时主要激活枕叶和顶叶，表明其采用的计算方法可能更依赖于视觉空间策略。

Functional MRI study on mental abacus calculation

Objective: To investigate the brain functional status and the activating mode in the trained children engaged in mental calculation with functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI). Methods: Twelve children trained with mental abacus calculation for 3 years performed mental calculation tasks including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and number-object control judging tasks. Using a block-design, 3 resting blocks and 3 stimulating blocks alternatively. Blood oxygenation level dependence(BOLD) fMRI scan was performed in a Siemens Trio 3.0T MRI scanner with an echo planar imaging(EPI) sequence. All data were analyzed by SPM2(statistical parametric mapping 2) to generate the brain activation map. Results: Bilateral occipital lobes(bilateral cuneus), the right parietal lobe(the right inferior parietal lobule, the right superior parietal lobule, the right precuneus, the right postcentral gyrus), and bilateral cerebellums were activated in the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division calculation. The right lingual gyrus was activated in addition and division calculation. The left lingual gyrus was activated in subtraction and multiplication. In addition, the left precuneus and the right fusiform were activated in multiplication calculation. Conclusion: The trained children activated mainly the occipital lobe and the parietal lobe, which manifested their calculation method may depend mostly on visuo-spatial strategy.