慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的预防对策

急性加重是慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD)疾病进程中的重要事件，给患者的生活和疾病病程造成严重后果，同时带来巨大的社会和经济负担，急性加重的预防有着重要的临床意义。研究证实长效支气管舒张药、吸入性糖皮质激素、磷酸二酯酶4抑制药、茶碱、抗氧化药、免疫调节药、大环内酯类抗生素、疫苗等药物治疗可有效预防COPD急性加重的发生。非药物干预如肺康复、氧疗及无创机械通气等在预防COPD急性加重中也发挥一定的作用。

Prevention of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Acute exacerbation is an important event in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD). It is now known that acute exacerbations can negatively affect patients’quality of life and natural course of COPD, leading to heavy burden of society and economy.Preventive measures are very important for acute exacerbations of COPD. Long-actingbronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, theophylline, antioxidants,immunomodulators, macrolides, and vaccine have been demonstrated to be efficient in preventionof COPD development. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as rehabilitation, long-termoxygen therapy, and non-invasive ventilation, are also useful strategies to prevent the acuteexacerbations in patients with COPD.