超声心动图与CT血管成像诊断主动脉缩窄的价值对比研究

目的对比分析多普勒超声心动图和CT血管成像（CTA）在主动脉缩窄（COA）诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析北京军区总医院2009年1月至2013年9月经手术证实的92例COA患者的术前多普勒超声心动图及CTA特征,并与手术结果进行对照。结果经手术证实的92例COA患者中,超声诊断正确87例,CTA诊断正确91例,两者对COA的诊断符合率分别为95%（87/92）和99%（91/92）,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.550,P=0.213）。手术证实的结构异常共计222处,包括心内结构异常110处、心脏-血管连接异常13处和心外血管异常99处。在110处心内结构异常中,CTA检出92处、漏诊18处,包括瓣膜或瓣环病变11处、卵圆孔未闭3处、房间隔缺损2处、室间隔缺损和心内膜垫缺损各1处;超声对所有心内结构异常全部检出;两者对心内结构异常的诊断符合率分别为84%（92/110）和100%（110/110）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=18.801,P=0.000）。心脏-大血管连接异常13处,CTA与超声均全部检出。大血管异常99处,CTA漏诊2处,包括主肺动脉侧支循环和主动脉隔膜型缩窄各1处;超声漏诊15处病变,包括主动脉缩窄4处,侧支动脉3处,动脉导管未闭、迷走右锁骨下动脉和永存左上腔静脉各2处,头臂静脉走行异常和部分型肺静脉异位引流各1处;误诊1例,将主动脉缩窄误诊为主动脉弓离断;CTA、超声对大血管异常的诊断符合率分别为98%（97/99）和84%（83/99）,CTA明显高于超声（χ^2=11.350,P=0.000）。结论超声心动图和CTA均是诊断主动脉缩窄的有效检查方法,CTA在诊断心脏外大血管异常方面优于超声心动图,而超声心动图在诊断心内畸形方面优于CTA,两者联合应用能为临床诊断提供更准确的信息。

The comparison of diagnostic value of Doppler echocardiography and CT angiography in patients with coarctation of the aorta

Objective To compare the value of color Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta（COA） in comparison with CT angiography（CTA）. Methods Ninety-two patients with COA were retrospectively analyzed that were confirmed by surgery from January 2009 to September 2013 and diagnosed by color Doppler echocardiography and CTA. Results Among 92 COA patients confirmed by surgery, 87 patients were diagnosed correctly by echocardiography while 91 patients were diagnosed by CTA, and the accuracy of echocardiography and CTA were 95%（87/92） and 99%（91/92）, respectively without significant difference（χ^2=1.550, P=0.213）. According to surgical findings, there were 222 anatomic abnormalities including 110 intracardiac, 13 heart-vessel connection and 99 vessel abnormalities. For 110 intra-cardiac abnormalities, echocardiography detected all abnormalities while CTA found 92 with 18 missed including 11 valve or valve ring lesions, 3 patent foramen ovale, 2 atrial septal defect, 1 ventricular septal defect and 1 endocardial cushion defect. The accuracy of echocardiography for intra-cardiac abnormalities was significantly higher than that of CTA（100%, 110/110 vs 84%, 92/110, χ^2=18.801, P=0.000）. CTA and echocardiography detected all abnormalities of heart-vessel connection. For 99 vessel abnormalities, CTA showed an accuracy of 98%（97/99） with 2 missed lesions including 1 collateral circulation between the aorta and the pulmonary artery and 1 membranous narrow of the aorta, while echocardiography misdiagnosed 1 COA as interruption of aortic arch and missed 15 lesions, including 4 COA, 3 collateral arteries, 2 patent ductus arteriosus, 2 aberrant right subclavian artery, 2 brachiocephalic vein abnormality, 1 partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and 1 persistent left superior vena cava. The accuracy of CTA for detection of vessel abnormalities was significantly higher than that of echocardiography（98%, 97/99 vs 84%, 83/99, χ^2=11.350, P=0.000）. Conclusions Both CTA and e