剪切波弹性成像对甲状腺结节伴钙化良恶性鉴别诊断价值探讨

目的探讨钙化对剪切波弹性成像（SWE）在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的影响。方法随机选取2013年11月至2014年1月在郑州大学第一附属医院超声诊断中心检查的甲状腺结节患者146例,行前瞻性高频超声检查（每例患者取一处病灶）,记录结节大小、边界、形态、有无包膜、内部回声强弱及均匀程度、后方回声及肿块与周围组织之间的关系等,重点观察内部钙化并将患者分为钙化组（Ⅰ组）和无钙化组（Ⅱ组）。并行实时剪切波弹性成像（记录结节杨氏模量值）,追踪手术病理结果,并以病理结果为金标准,分别绘制Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组SWE诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的受试者操作特性（ROC）曲线,比较ROC曲线下面积（AUC）,确定最佳诊断界点。结果Ⅰ组甲状腺结节良性25例,恶性38例,恶性结节总发生率为60%：其中微钙化组恶性结节发生率为92%（24/26）;粗钙化组恶性结节发生率为38%（14/37）。行SWE,以病理结果为金标准,绘制ROC曲线,AUC为0.564。Ⅱ组甲状腺结节良性67例,恶性16例。行SWE,以病理结果为金标准,绘制ROC曲线,杨氏模量值平均值最佳诊断界点为30.43 kPa,对应的敏感度为93.2%,特异度为81.2%,准确性为84.8%,AUC为0.824。结论 SWE对无钙化甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断更有意义。

The value of shear wave elastography in the process of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodule with calcification

Objective To investigate the impact of calcification on differential diagnosis of thyroid nodule using shear wave elastography（SWE）. Methods One hundred and forty-six patients with thyroid nodules were prospectively enrolled in the study. Ultrasound observations included nodule size, boundary, shape, envelope, internal echotexture, posterior acoustic enhancement, and the relationship with surrounding tissue. According to the presence of internal calcification, patients were divided into calcification group（group Ⅰ） and no calcification group（group Ⅱ）. Real-time shear wave elastography（young′s modulus value） were taken in both groups. Taking surgical pathologic results as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve of SWE in diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodule were drawn for two groups respectively. Results In groupⅠ, 25 cases were benign and 38 cases were malignant. The malignant incidence was 60%. Among them the rate of malignant nodules in microcalcification group was 92%（24/26）. The incidence of malignant nodules in coarse calcification group was 38%（14/37）. The area under the curve（AUC） of SWE in groupⅠ was 0.564. In groupⅡ, 67 cases were benign and malignant had 16 cases. Using 30.43 kPa as the diagnostic point of young′ s modulus value, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and AUC were 93.2%, 81.2%, 84.8% and 0.824. Conclusion In no calcification group, SWE is more meaningful in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.