胎儿形体发育变化趋势的初步分析

目的:研究胎儿发育不同孕期的形体特征的变化规律,为临床评估胎儿发育状况和指导孕妇科学膳食提供理论依据。方法:对147例孕12～36周胎儿的体长、坐高、肢体长度、头颅径线和体重进行了测量和统计。结果:胎儿的体长和坐高在3个月胎龄时分别为10.5 cm和7.7 cm;到7月胎龄时身长达36.3 cm,坐高达26.1 cm,为一生中生长最快的时期。从8月胎龄开始,胎儿的身长和坐高增幅下降。孕期全程,胎儿身长对胎龄的直线回归方程式为Y=-2.75+5.31χ,R值为0.82,P0.01;坐高的直线回归方程式为Y=-1.39+3.50χ,R值为0.77,P0.01。上、下肢长度在3月胎龄时分别为3.1 cm,3.2cm。从4月胎龄始,下肢和足的生长速度加快,到9月胎龄时下肢长于上肢3.3 cm、足长于手1.4 cm;胎儿的上肢、下肢、手和足的发育随胎龄呈直线型增长。3月胎龄胎儿的BPD和枕额径分别为19.6 mm和26 mm;以后胎儿BPD和枕额径增长迅速,孕6月时达到57.9 mm和72.3 mm。BPD增加了38.3 mm,枕额径增加了46.3 mm。6月胎龄后,BPD和枕额径增速放缓,9月胎龄时,BPD和枕额径分别仅增加了21.5 mm和25.1 mm。胎儿的BPD也与胎龄呈正相关关系。体重增加的快速期始于胎龄6个月,在3个孕月的时间内,胎儿体重增加了2倍,增长值达1 400 g之多。除3个月胎龄外,各月份的胎儿体重均高于15年前的胎儿。结论:目前胎儿形体生长发育长度指标与15年前没有明显差别。胎儿体重在妊娠6个月后生长明显加快;并高于15年前的胎儿,提示现今孕妇营养状况优于15年前。

A preliminary analysis on change trend of fetal physical development

Objective:To research the changing regularity of physical characteristics during the different fetal periods,and provide theoretical basis for evaluation of fetal development status and directing scientific diets for pregnant women.Methods:The body length,sitting height,length of limbs,skull diameters and body weight of 147 fetuses of 12~36 gestational weeks were measured.Results:The body length and sitting height of fetuses were 10.5 cm and 7.7 cm on the third gestational month,36.3 cm and 26.1 cm on the s...