养老机构失能老人日常生活活动需求未满足状况调查

目的了解南京市养老机构失能老人日常生活活动需求的未满足状况,分析影响需求未满足率的因素。方法便利抽取南京市11所养老机构,采用Barthel指数评定表和功能活动调查表筛查出258名失能老人,依据2个量表编制未满足需求评估表调查失能老人日常生活活动需求的未满足状况。结果养老机构失能老人ADL需求未满足率较高的是:平地行走(71.70%)、上下楼梯(59.41%)、坐车出行(69.05%)、娱乐爱好(76.47%)和社会交往(62.64%)。11所机构未满足率为32.28%~65.52%,中位数为41.25%。影响养老机构日常生活活动需求未满足的因素有失能老人的失能程度、文化水平、每月医疗照护支出、失能时长以及机构照顾者的年龄和每月收入(P0.05,P0.01)。结论养老机构失能老人在远距离离床活动和精神需求方面的需求未满足率较高。养老机构服务成效参差不齐。聘用年龄较低的照顾者及提高照顾者的收入水平有助于降低机构失能老人ADL需求的未满足率。

The unmet needs of activities of daily living and influencing factors among disabled older adults in Nanjing's elderly care agencies

Objective To comprehend the condition of unmet needs of activities of daily living(ADL) among disabled older adults in Nanjing's elderly care agencies,and to analyse the factors influencing unmet needs.Methods A total of 11 elderly care agencies in Nanjing were recruited.Barthel Indexes (BI) and FunctionalActivities Questionnaire (FAQ) were used to screen disabled older adults from the agencies.Then the disabled older adults were investigated in terms of their unmet ADL needs using unmet needs assessment form,which had been adapted from BI and FAQ.Results The unmet ADL needs with high percents among the disabled older adults were walking(71.70％),climbing stairs(71.70％),transporting(69.05％),working on a hobby(76.47％),social contact(62.64％).The percents of unmet ADL needs among the elderly care agencies varied from 32.28％ to 65.52％ (median:41.25 ％).The factors influencing unmet ADL needs among the agencies pertained to degree of disability,education levels,montly expenses,duration of disability,of the older adults,and caregiver's age and monthly income (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Disabled older adults living in the elderly care agencies had high percent of unmet needs for long distance off bed activities and spiritual aspects.The quality of services in elderly care agencies vary greatly.Employing younger caregivers and providing them with higher salary will be conducive to reduce percent of unmet ADL needs.