妊娠期妇女的健康信念与健康行为调查

目的了解妊娠期妇女的健康信念水平与健康行为,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法采用以"健康信念模式"为基础自行设计的调查问卷及孕期身体活动问卷对江门市612名孕妇进行调查,分析其运动状况及健康信念水平。结果妊娠妇女健康信念总分为(70.66±8.46)分,条目均分(3.53±0.42)分,其中感知到的易感性和自我效能水平最高,分别为(4.02±0.78)分、(4.10±0.70)分,感知到的严重性和行为效益认知分别为(3.81±0.68)分、(3.83±0.60)分,感知到的行为障碍认知得分(3.12±0.59)分。运动量达标组健康信念总分、易感性认知、行为障碍认知及自我效能得分显著高于未达标组(均P0.05)。结论妊娠期妇女的健康信念处于中上水平,运动量越大的孕妇健康信念水平越高。围生保健工作者应围绕妊娠期妇女的健康信念水平加强教育和指导,并设计可行的干预方案以促进和提高妇女妊娠期间的运动水平。

Investigation of health belief and health behavior among pregnant women

Objective To understand the health belief and health behavior among pregnant women,and to provide reference for targe ted intervention.Methods Totally 612 pregnant women from Jiangmen were investigated using a self designed questionnaire on cognition of exercise in pregnancy based on health belief model and the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire,and their exercise during pregnancy and the level of health bebeif were analyzed.Results The total score of health belief among pregnant women was 70.66±8.46,and the average item score was 3.53±0.42,the score of perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy were highest,which was 4.02±0.78 and 4.10±0.70 respectively,the score of perceived severity and benefits was 3.81±0.68 and 3.83±0.60 respectively,and the score of perceived behavioral barriers cognition was 3.12±0.59.The total score of health belief,susceptibili ty cognition,behavioral barriers cognition and self-efficacy in the group whose exercise level met the ACOG recommendation were significantly higher than another group whose exercise not reached the recommendation (P＜0.05 for all).Conclusion Pregnant women's health belief is in a medium or above level,the women exercised more have higher level of health belief.Health care workers should strengthen health education and guidance focusing on the health belief of pregnant women,and design feasible intervention to enhance the exercise level for women during pregnancy.