2009-2011年广州市番禺区水产品污染状况分析

目的分析番禺区水产品污染状况,为食品安全监管提供依据。方法在番禺区各水产交易市场、肉菜综合市场和餐饮单位随机采集鲜活鱼(淡水鱼、海水鱼)、虾蟹、贝类、冰鲜、生吃水产品等水产品进行重金属、抗生素、农药、致病菌、肝吸虫等项目检测。结果各类水产品均存在镉超标,总超标率为5.2%。虾蟹类镉平均含量为0.516mg/kg,最高含量为14.300mg/kg;贝类、海水鱼、淡水鱼的镉超标率分别为4.5%、3.7%、2.5%。铅合格率为99.5%,汞和无机砷均未超标。部分水产品中检出四环素、土霉素、金霉素超标,超标率在8.3%～14.3%。各类水产品中六六六、DDT的含量均未超标。冰鲜水产品中甲醛合格率为98.1%。222份水产品中副溶血性弧菌检出率为18.5%(41/222),其中检出率最高的是虾蟹类为41.7%,贝类为33.3%。淡水鱼、海水鱼、虾蟹类、贝类等4类水产品的副溶血性弧菌检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),淡水鱼与海水鱼的副溶血性弧菌检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有样品均未检出沙门菌和霍乱弧菌。生吃水产品未检出致病菌和肝吸虫。结论番禺区水产品镉污染情况较为突出,水产品中副溶血性弧菌检出率较高,水产养殖和销售中存在不按规定使用抗生素的情况。

Monitoring of the pollution of aquatic products in Panyu,Guangzhou in 2009-2011

Objective To understand the extent of pollution of aquatic products in Panyu Guangzhou and to provide the basic food safety supervision.Methods Aquatic products(e.g.freshwater fish,marine fish,shrimps,crabs,shellfish,chilled ready to eat aquatic products and other aquatic products) from different markets,meat and vegetable markets and catering units of Panyu Guangzhou,were randomly collected for the detection of heavy metals,antibiotics,pesticides,pathogens,liver fluke and other projects.Results All aquatic products had a high cadmium level,and 5.2% of the samples exceeded the limit.The average cadmium content of shrimps /crabs was 0.516 mg /kg,the highest content was 14.300 mg /kg;and the percentage of shellfish,marine fish and freshwater fish exceeding the limit was 4.5%,3.7% and 2.5%,respectively.99.5% of the samples had the lead content below the limit.The levels of mercury and arsenic were not exceeding the limit.Part of the aquatic products were found to have a high level of tetracycline,oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline,and the percentage of samples exceeding the limit for these antibiotics was ranged from 8.3% to 14.3%.The levels of BHC and DDT in all samples were below the limit.98.1% of the samples had the content of formaldehyde below the limit.Among the 222 samples,18.5% had Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP).The percentage of shrimps /crabs and shellfish with Vibrio parahaemolyticus was 41.7% and 33.3%,respectively.There was a significant different in the degree of contamination with Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater fish,marine fish,shrimps /crabs and shellfish(P<0.05);There was no different in the detection rate between freshwater and seawater fish(P>0.05).Salmonella and Vibrio cholerae was not detected.Pathogens and liver fluke were not found in the ready to eat raw aquatic products.Conclusion There was a serious cadmium contamination of aquatic products.The level of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was high in the aquatic products in Panyu district.The abuse of antibiotics in aquaculture and by the food suppliers was also serious.