神经内镜辅助下乙状窦前迷路后锁孔入路处理岩斜区病变的应用解剖研究

目的 为神经内镜辅助下乙状窦前迷路后锁孔手术入路处理岩斜区病变提供解剖学基础.方法 取10例(20侧)经福尔马林固定成人头颅标本,采用耳后"C"形切口,切口长度约6cm,模拟乙状窦前迷路后入路,神经内镜及显微镜下观察所显露的解剖结构.结果 乙状窦前缘与后半规管平面的水平距离为:右侧(9.1±1.3)mm,左侧(9.6±1.8)mm.通过调整神经内镜及显微镜角度,经乙状窦前迷路后锁孔入路可显露岩斜区的一些重要结构,清晰显示脑神经及其附近走行的血管.结论 面、前庭蜗神经及内耳道后唇均可以作为神经内镜下经乙状窦前迷路后入路定位岩斜区及其周围结构的标识.

A microanatomic study of endoscope-assisted presigmoid-retrolabyrinthine keyhole approach to the petroclival region

Objective To provide an anatomical basis for endoscope-assisted presigmoid-retrolabyrinthine keyhole approach to the petroclival region. Methods Ten formalin-fixed adult cadaver heads were used in this study. A C-shaped postauricular skin incision about 6 cm in length was made to expose the anatomic structures, which were observed under microscope and endoscope. Results The distance from the anterior margin of the sigraoid sinus to the most posterior point of the posterior semicircular canal was 9.1±1.3 mm on the right and 9.6±1.8 mm on the left side. With appropriate adjustment of the endoscope and the angle of the microscope, the presigmoid-retrolabyrinthine keyhole approach allowed good exposure of the important structures in the petroclival region with also clear display of the cranial nerves and the adjacent blood vessels. Conclusion The facial and vestibulocochlear nerves and the posterior orifice of the internal auditory canal can be used as the landmarks for localization of the peroclival region and its surrounding structures.