内科住院患者疾病知识健康教育需求及其影响因素

目的了解内科住院患者对疾病知识健康教育的需求及其影响因素,以提高对患者健康教育的效果。方法采用方便抽样法,于2010年3月由专人分别对11个内科病区所有住院患者共330例进行问卷调查,调查前进行预调查,调查内容包括治疗方案、治疗效果、重点药物的治疗作用与不良反应、重点药物治疗的注意事项、自身疾病的病程和预后及费用、并发症的防治、疾病对自身生活与工作的影响、日常生活护理指导等。结果内科住院患者需求最强烈的是有关治疗方案、治疗效果及与疾病相关的内容（病程、预后、费用）,不良反应和并发症防治的需求次之,治疗注意事项和疾病影响的需求程度一般,日常生活护理指导需求度最低;但在性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、住院次数等方面,患者间存在不同差异（均P〈0.01）。结论护理人员必须加强专科知识的学习,对患者的健康教育应因人而异。

Analysis on Health Education and Influencing Factors of Medical Inpatients

Objective To comprehend the needs and possible influencing factors of medical health education of medical inpatients,so as to improve the targeted effects of health education of patients.Methods Using the cluster-sampling method,a pilot survey was conducted which was followed by a medical questionnaire survey in all the inpatients（n=300）from 11 departments of internal medicine in terms of the treatment scheme,therapeutic effects,therapeutic effects and adverse effects of key medications,precautions of key medications,disease course,prognosis and cost,prevention and treatment of complications,influence of diseases to their life and work and daily nursing instruction.Results According to the priority of health education needs in medical in-patients,the primary needs involved treatment programs and the contents of treatment and disease related conditions（duration of disease,prognosis,cost）,which was followed by the needs for adverse reactions and complication prevention.The avarage needs included precautions and influences of diseases.The lowest needs were observed in daily nursing guidance.Significant differences were observed in health education needs of gender,age,marital status,cultural level and number of admissions（P〈0.01）.Conclusion Specialist knowledge should be strengthened to fulfill the individualized needs of health education for patients.