老年人牙缺失种植义齿修复的临床特点

目的　分析老年人牙缺失种植义齿修复的临床特点和效果。　方法　 6 0岁以上老年人 31例 ,男 2 7例 ,女 4例 ,延期种植 30例 ,拔牙后即刻种植 1例 ,植骨 4例 ,共植入种植体 4 1枚 ,临床随访 3年 ,并就其种植体成功率、修复体成功率、植体周牙龈状况和植体周齿槽骨吸收水平及植骨情况与同期非老年组 5 8例进行对比分析。　结果　老年组种植体成功率、修复体成功率、植体周牙龈状况优良率 (分别为 10 0 %、95 %、93% )与非老年组 (分别为 10 0 %、96 %、94 % )比较 ,差异无显著性(P >0 .0 5 )。老年组需植骨病例 (13% )与非老年组 (9% )相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。两组年内X线检查 ,植体周齿槽骨吸收水平 (<0 2mm)均在正常范围。　结论　全面检查、综合分析老年人齿槽骨及全身健康状况 ,严格掌握适应证 ,是种植牙成功的关键。老年人齿槽骨条件较差 ,种植时发生骨穿孔或骨裂开的可能性增大 ,应做好植骨准备。

A study on clinical characters of implant-supported denture in elderly patients with dentition defect

Objective To study the clinical characters and effect of implant-supported denture in aged patients with dentition defect. Methods The senile group included 31 patients (male 27 cases,female 4 cases): delayed implant for 30 cases,immediately implant for 1 case,altogether 41 implants was placed and followed up for 3 years. The success rate of the implants and crowns,status of gingival and bone resorption surrounding the implant were analysed and compared with those of the non-senile group (58 cases). Results In senile group,the success rate of the implants was 100%,the success rate of the crowns was 95%,the rate for excellence and fineness for gingival was 93%. Correspondingly it was 100%,96% and 94% in non-senile group. There was no statistical difference between these two groups ( P >0.05). The bone graft rate was 13% in senile group and 9% in non-senile group( P <0.05),showing statistically significant difference. The X-ray examination showed bone resorption surrounding the implants was in normal range for both groups. Conclusions Comprehensive examination and analysis of the oral and general systemic conditions,strictly controlling the indications for the elderly people,the results of implant-supported denture are as succeful as that for young patients. The alveolar bone condition was poor and the possibility of bone perforation or split was enhanced in senile group,so the bone graft should be always in preparation.