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Molecular regulation of dendritic spine dynamics and their potential impact on synaptic plasticity and neurological diseases
Institution:1. Field Neurosciences Institute, St. Mary''s of Michigan, Saginaw, MI, USA;2. Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA;3. Hindustan University, Rajiv Gandhi Salai (OMR), Padur, Kelambakam, Chennai, TN, India;4. Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA;5. College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA;1. Department of Physiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou, 225300, China;2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China;3. Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China;4. Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 20024, China;1. Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;2. School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;3. Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe, PO Box 61, 5590 AB Heeze, The Netherlands;4. Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;5. Department of Neurology, Gent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium;6. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;1. Center for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Box 3712, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;2. Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Box 3726, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;1. Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;2. Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;3. Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;4. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;5. Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;1. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Abstract:The structure and dynamics of dendritic spines reflect the strength of synapses, which are severely affected in different brain diseases. Therefore, understanding the ultra-structure, molecular signaling mechanism(s) regulating dendritic spine dynamics is crucial. Although, since last century, dynamics of spine have been explored by several investigators in different neurological diseases, but despite countless efforts, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental etiology and molecular signaling pathways involved in spine pathology is lacking. The purpose of this review is to provide a contextual framework of our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dendritic spine signaling, as well as their potential impact on different neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, as a format for highlighting some commonalities in function, as well as providing a format for new insights and perspectives into this critical area of research. Additionally, the potential strategies to restore spine structure–function in different diseases are also pointed out. Overall, these informations should help researchers to design new drugs to restore the structure–function of dendritic spine, a “hot site” of synaptic plasticity.
Keywords:Dendritic spine  Synaptic plasticity  Neurodegenerative diseases  Psychiatric disorders  Glutamate receptor  Calcium signaling  ADHD"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kw0040"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"attention deficit hypersensitive disorders  FXS"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kw0050"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"Fragile X-syndrome  CNS"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kw0060"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"central nervous system  GABA"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kw0070"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"gamma amino butyric acid  DiI"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kw0080"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"1  1′-Dioctadecyl-3  3  3′  3′-Tetramethylindocarbocyanine Perchlorate  STED"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kw0090"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"stimulated emission depletion  STORM"}  {"#name":"keyword"  "$":{"id":"kw0100"}  "$$":[{"#name":"text"  "_":"stochastic optical reconstruction 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