On the functions,mechanisms, and malfunctions of intracortical contextual modulation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Lab of Action & Body, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK;2. Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;3. National Hospital Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL NHS Trust, London WC1N 3BG, UK;4. Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, WC1N 3BG, UK;5. School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2AB, UK;6. Hospital of St John & St Elizabeth, London NW8 9NH, UK;7. Psychiatry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton BN1 9RR, UK;8. Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton BN1 9RRUK, UK;9. Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, BN1 9RR, UK;1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary;2. Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, ETZ F 95, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland;3. Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland;1. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan;3. Graduate School of Human Relations, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan;4. Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan |
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| Abstract: | A broad neuron-centric conception of contextual modulation is reviewed and re-assessed in the light of recent neurobiological studies of amplification, suppression, and synchronization. Behavioural and computational studies of perceptual and higher cognitive functions that depend on these processes are outlined, and evidence that those functions and their neuronal mechanisms are impaired in schizophrenia is summarized. Finally, we compare and assess the long-term biological functions of contextual modulation at the level of computational theory as formalized by the theories of coherent infomax and free energy reduction. We conclude that those theories, together with the many empirical findings reviewed, show how contextual modulation at the neuronal level enables the cortex to flexibly adapt the use of its knowledge to current circumstances by amplifying and grouping relevant activities and by suppressing irrelevant activities. |
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| Keywords: | Cognitive coordination Contextual modulation Amplification Suppression Gestalt grouping Predictive processing |
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