Family history of autoimmune diseases is associated with an increased risk of autism in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
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| Institution: | 1. Research and Technology Service Center, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China;2. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;3. International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;1. Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;2. Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 5 Sambancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan;1. University of Alberta and the Autism Research Centre in the Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;2. Dalhousie University/IWK Health Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;3. Bloorview Research Institute in Toronto;4. University of Toronto;5. University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto;6. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto;7. Kinark Child and Family Services in Markham, Ontario, Canada;8. Mount Allison University in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada;9. University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Ontario;1. Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University “Roma Tre”, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy;2. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;3. Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil;1. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA;2. Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA;1. Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY;2. University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland;3. Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland;4. Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY;5. New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY;1. Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, and Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea;2. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR;3. Korea Institute for Children''s Social Development (“Rudolph”), Seoul, South Korea;4. University of Washington, Seattle, WA;5. Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea;6. Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, and the University of Illinois, Chicago, IL |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the current evidence on the relationship between family history of autoimmune diseases (ADs) and risk of autism in children, as current evidence suggests inconsistent results.MethodsWe identified relevant studies by searching PubMed, EmBase, and Web of Science databases up to Dec 2014. Risk estimates from individual studies were pooled using random-effects models. Sub-groups analyses were conducted by some study-level factors. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots, Egger's regression test and Begg–Mazumdar test.ResultsA total of 11 articles were included in the meta-analysis, including 3 cohort studies, 6 case-control studies, and 2 cross-sectional studies. The meta-analysis showed that family history of all ADs combined was associated with a 28% (95% CI: 12–48%) higher risk of autism in children. For some specific ADs, evidence synthesis for risk of autism in children showed a statistically significant association with family history of hypothyroidism (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.07–2.50), type 1 diabetes (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.23–1.81), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19–1.91), and psoriasis (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.28–1.97). The results varied in some subgroups.ConclusionAn overall increased risk of autism in children with family history of ADs was identified. More mechanistic studies are needed to further explain the association between family history of ADs and increased risk of autism in children. |
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| Keywords: | Family history Autoimmune diseases Autism |
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