Biological complexity and adaptability of simple mammalian olfactory memory systems |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK;2. Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;1. Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany;2. Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany;3. Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany;4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Germany;5. Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany;6. Research Training Group 2175, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany;1. The Economic and Social Research Institute, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin, Ireland;2. Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK;3. Socio-Economic Marine Research Unit, J.E. Cairnes School of Business and Economics, Whitaker Institute, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland;1. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O’Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States;2. Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany;3. Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, United States;1. Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;2. Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;3. Nancy Pritzker Laboratory in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California;1. Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;2. The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel |
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| Abstract: | Chemosensory systems play vital roles in the lives of most mammals, including the detection and identification of predators, as well as sex and reproductive status and the identification of individual conspecifics. All of these capabilities require a process of recognition involving a combination of innate (kairomonal/pheromonal) and learned responses. Across very different phylogenies, the mechanisms for pheromonal and odour learning have much in common. They are frequently associated with plasticity of GABA-ergic feedback at the initial level of processing the chemosensory information, which enhances its pattern separation capability. Association of odourant features into an odour object primarily involves anterior piriform cortex for non-social odours. However, the medial amygdala appears to be involved in both the recognition of social odours and their association with chemosensory information sensed by the vomeronasal system. Unusually not only the sensory neurons themselves, but also the GABA-ergic interneurons in the olfactory bulb are continually being replaced, with implications for the induction and maintenance of learned chemosensory responses. |
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| Keywords: | Olfactory Vomeronasal Learning Memory Receptors Neurogenesis |
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