Intranasal immunization with protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis induces a long-term immunological memory response |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea;3. Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;1. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA;2. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA;4. Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA;5. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;6. UCLA AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA;7. The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;1. Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri—Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, United States;2. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States;1. The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;2. Biothera Solutions, formerly as Sinoasis Pharma, Ltd., Guangzhou, China;3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China;1. Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C. R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073 West Bengal, India;2. Department of Human Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India;3. Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India |
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| Abstract: | Although intranasal vaccination has been shown to be effective for the protection against inhalational anthrax, establishment of long-term immunity has yet to be achieved. Here, we investigated whether intranasal immunization with recombinant protective antigen (rPA) of Bacillus anthracis induces immunological memory responses in the mucosal and systemic compartments. Intranasal immunization with rPA plus cholera toxin (CT) sustained PA-specific antibody responses for 6 months in lung, nasal washes, and vaginal washes as well as serum. A significant induction of PA-specific memory B cells was observed in spleen, cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) and lung after booster immunization. Furthermore, intranasal immunization with rPA plus CT remarkably generated effector memory CD4+ T cells in the lung. PA-specific CD4+ T cells preferentially increased the expression of Th1- and Th17-type cytokines in lung, but not in spleen or CLNs. Collectively, the intranasal immunization with rPA plus CT promoted immunologic memory responses in the mucosal and systemic compartments, providing long-term immunity. |
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| Keywords: | Protective antigen Intranasal immunization Memory response |
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