基于微生物互作的新天然产物发掘研究进展

在自然界中，微生物以群落状态生存，通过物种内或物种间的相互作用，不断重塑生态关系来实现共同进化。这种相互作用促使微生物合成大量复杂的次级代谢产物作为通讯工具或者化学武器，来适应环境变化，这些小分子则是药物发现的重要源泉。微生物共培养技术通过模拟自然生态关系，激活沉默基因簇来促进新型天然产物的发现。综述基于不同共培养体系的微生物天然产物挖掘最新进展，重点介绍微生物之间的相互作用机制以及沉默基因簇激活的分子机制，为微生物天然产物的化学多样性挖掘提供参考。

Research Progress in Discovery of Novel Natural Products Driven by Microbial Interactions

In nature, microorganisms do not exist solely but in communities. They constantly shape ecological niches to achieve coevolution via interaction with each other and with surrounding organisms. Secondary metabolites are synthesized as communication languages or chemical weapons to adapt themselves to variable environments driven by microbial interactions and become an important source of drug discovery. Microbial cocultivation simulates natural ecological relationships, triggering silent biosynthesis gene clusters and promoting the discovery of novel natural products. Here, this review introduces the recent advances in the discovery of bioactive natural products via different cocultivation systems, especially the mechanisms for microbial interaction and silent gene cluster activation, aiming to provide some reference for mining the chemical diversity of natural microbial products.