唐山市新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果血清流行病学调查

目的研究儿童乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)感染状况及乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)水平,探讨乙肝疫苗的免疫效果和持久性,为制定非新生儿人群乙肝疫苗免疫策略提供依据。方法于2005年采集有明确乙肝疫苗免疫史、不同免疫程序的1~15岁人群血清444份,检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)和抗-HBs,分析比较免疫和加强免疫后抗-HBs水平和持久性;同时与1992年乙肝疫苗免疫前的本底资料相比较。结果2005年各年龄组儿童HBsAg携带率较1992年均有显著下降;免疫后5年抗-HBs保护阳性率和抗-HBs阳性率均明显下降,其中抗-HBs阳性率下降至1992年自然感染水平;免疫5年后行加强免疫,抗-HBs保护阳性率和抗-HBs阳性率显著高于未加强免疫组。结论接种乙肝疫苗是控制人群HBV感染的有效措施;免疫后间隔5年行加强免疫使免疫持久性得到保证。

Serum-epidemiological Research on Hepatitis B Vaccine Immunization Effect of New-born Infants in Tangshan City

Objective To provide strategy of the rationale for hepatitis B vaccination in non-new born population,the hepatitis B infectious rate,antibody level,hepatitis B vaccine immunization effect and persistency in children were studied.Methods In 2005,in Tangshan,444 serum samples of children aged 015 years old who had clear hepatitis B vaccine immunization history with different vaccination schedule were collected.The HBsAg and anti-HBs were tested and the test results were compared with the data collected in 1992,the year before hepatitis B vaccination program was implemented.The anti-hepatitis B level and the persistency were compared between the regular immunization and the booster immunization.Results In 2005,the HBsAg positive rate in each age group of children was significant lower than that in 1992.The anti-HBs protection rate and antiHBs positive rate declined significantly 5 years after regular immunization,and the anti-HBs positive rate declined to the natural infection level as the year of 1992. The anti-HBs protection rate and anti-HBs positive rate of the children received booster immunization 5 years after regular immunization,were significantly higher than that of children who were not boosted.Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccine immunization is an effective measure to control HBV infection.It is necessary to implement the booster immunization 5 years after the regular immunization to achieve the persistent immune response against HBV.