Exposure to pesticide as a risk factor for depression: A population-based longitudinal study in Korea |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea;3. Center for Global Health and Social Medicine, Instiutute of Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea;5. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Adminstration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA;2. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Ministry of Health and Social Security of the Republic of Tajikistan (PRCMHRT), Dushanbe, TJ 734036, Tajikistan;3. V.I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Tajikistan (CHITAS), Dushanbe, TJ 734063, Tajikistan;4. International Science and Technology Center, Krasnoproletarskaya 32-34, 127473 Moscow, Russian Federation;1. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran;2. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran;1. National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing 102211, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;1. Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain;2. Center for Advanced Studies in Olives Grove and Olive Oils (CEAOAO), Science and Technology park GEOLIT, E-23620, Mengíbar, Spain;3. European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain;1. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Centro de Tecnologia em Nanomateriais e Grafeno – CTNANO/UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Macaé, Brazil;4. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundExposure to pesticides is associated with mental disorders, including depression, especially among occupationally exposed populations, such as farmers. The results of experimental studies ascribed the negative effects of pesticides on mental health to their neurotoxic and endocrine-disrupting activities.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the association between the risk of depression and high- or low-level exposure to pesticides in a rural population.MethodsThis longitudinal study was performed in 2005–2008 (baseline) and 2008–2012 (follow-up) to evaluate the risk of depression among 2151 Korean adults. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain information on depression upon self-reported exposure to pesticide based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between pesticide exposure and depression. We adjusted the data for age, cigarette smoking status, current alcohol use, monthly income, educational level, marriage status, and religion.ResultsAmong the individuals who reported depression, the number of participants who used pesticides was significantly higher than that who did not (N = 61 7.2%] vs. N = 54 4.2%], P = 0.003). A positive association was noted between >20-year period of pesticide use and depression (odds ratio OR], 2.35; 95% confidence interval CI], 1.41–3.88). Individuals who reported depression showed greater odds of being exposed to higher pesticide concentrations (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.40–3.88) and experiencing pesticide poisoning (OR, 5.83; 95% CI, 1.80–18.86) than those who did not.ConclusionExposure to pesticides at a high concentration was found to be associated with depressive symptoms among Korean adults. |
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| Keywords: | Pesticide exposure Depression Longitudinal study Korean adult |
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