Influence of immobilization and forced swim stress on the neurotoxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin in rats: Effect on brain biogenic amines and BBB permeability |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group CSIR – Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, 31 MG Marg Lucknow – 226 001, India;2. Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Integral University Lucknow – 226 026, India;3. Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow – 226 014, India;4. Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering Integral University, Lucknow – 226 026, India;1. The BOSCH Institute, Blackburn Building, DO6, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;2. Department of Medicine, Blackburn Building, DO6, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;3. Discipline of Pharmacology, Blackburn Building, D06, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;4. The Children’s Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Experimental studies have been carried out on rats to understand the influence of immobilization stress (IMS), a psychological stressor and forced swim stress (FSS), a physical stressor in the neurotoxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), a new generation type II synthetic pyrethroid with extensive applications. No significant change in plasma corticosterone levels and blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability was observed in rats subjected to IMS (one session of 15 min/day), FSS (one session of 3 min/day) for 28 days or LCT treatment (3.0 mg/kg body weight, p.o. suspended in groundnut oil) for 3 days (26th, 27th and 28th day) as compared to controls. Marginal changes in the levels of biogenic amines and their metabolites (NE, EPN, DA, HVA, DOPAC, 5-HT) in hypothalamus, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and corpus striatum were observed in rats subjected to IMS or FSS or LCT alone as compared to controls. It was interesting to note that pre-exposure to IMS or FSS followed by LCT treatment for 3 days caused a marked increase in plasma corticosterone levels associated with disruption in the BBB permeability as compared to rats exposed to IMS or FSS or LCT alone. Pre-exposure to IMS or FSS followed by LCT treatment for 3 days resulted to alter the levels of biogenic amines and their metabolites in hypothalamus, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and corpus striatum as compared to rats exposed to IMS or FSS or LCT alone. Although neurochemical changes were more intense in rats pre-exposed to IMS as compared to those subjected to FSS on LCT treatment, the results indicate that both psychological and physical stress could be important influencing factors in the neurotoxicity of LCT. |
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| Keywords: | Immobilization stress Forced swim stress Lambda-cyhalothirn Plasma corticosterone BBB permeability Brain neurotransmitters |
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