贵州省燃煤型地方性氟中毒流行现状调查分析

目的全面了解贵州省燃煤型地方性氟中毒流行现状,为制定全省地方性氟中毒(地氟病)防制策略和规划提供基础资料。方法对全省燃煤地区的燃煤方式、食物干燥与保存方法、环境介质含氟量、8～12岁儿童氟斑牙和尿氟水平、成人氟骨症情况等进行横断面抽样调查。结果燃煤地区8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为55.99%,16岁以上人群氟中毒临床症状体征阳性检出率为27.03%,其中临床氟骨症检出率为57.47%,重度氟骨症检出率为7.13%;病区主要分布在毕节地区、六盘水市、遵义市、安顺市、贵阳市、黔西南州、黔南州等7市(地、州),重病区主要分布在毕节地区和六盘水市,病区人口约1900万。结论贵州省地氟病流行现状仍然严峻,流行程度有所降低,但病区范围呈扩大趋势。

Epidemiological Study of Endemic Fluorosis of Guizhou Province

Objective To systemically study the prevalence and the control of endemic fluorosis in Guizhou Province to provide the scientific data for formulating the countermeasures for controlling the endemic. Methods A section-survey was conducted to investigate the domestic coal combustion, dehydration and storage of main food, the content of fluoride in the medium, dental fluorosis and urine fluoride levels in children aged 8 ~ 12 and clinic skeletal fluorosis in adults. Results The incidence of dental fluorosis in the children was 55.99% in the area of Guizhou burning coal. 27.03% of the population were detected out with clinical symptoms and signs of endemic fluorosis, among whom 57.47% were diagnosed as skeletal fluorosis, 7.13% were of severe type by x-ray. The endemic fluorosis mainly distributed in 7 areas of Guizhou Province, such as Bijie, Liupanshui, Zunyi, Anshun, Guiyang, Qianxinan and Qiannan. The severely prevalent area chiefly distributed in the northwest part, such as Bijie and Liupanshui. The population in the endemic area of Guizhou Province hit 19,000,000. Conclusions The endemic fluorosis of Guizhou is prevailing and its range has spread out, although the endemic extent is somewhat reduced.