Acute aquatic toxicity of tire and road wear particles to alga,daphnid, and fish |
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Authors: | Marwood Christopher McAtee Britt Kreider Marisa Ogle R Scott Finley Brent Sweet Len Panko Julie |
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Institution: | (1) ChemRisk Canada, 291 Woodlawn Road West, Guelph, ON, N1H 7L6, Canada;(2) ChemRisk, 20 Stanwix Street, Suite 505, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA;(3) Pacific EcoRisk, Inc., 2250 Cordelia Road, Fairfield, CA 94534, USA;(4) ChemRisk, 25 Jessie Street, Suite 1800, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA;(5) Present address: NovaTox Inc., 10 Crane Avenue, Guelph, ON, N1G 2R2, Canada;(6) Present address: School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; |
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Abstract: | Previous studies have indicated that tire tread particles are toxic to aquatic species, but few studies have evaluated the
toxicity of such particles using sediment, the likely reservoir of tire wear particles in the environment. In this study,
the acute toxicity of tire and road wear particles (TRWP) was assessed in Pseudokirchneriella subcapita, Daphnia magna, and Pimephales promelas using a sediment elutriate (100, 500, 1000 or 10000 mg/l TRWP). Under standard test temperature conditions, no concentration
response was observed and EC/LC50 values were greater than 10,000 mg/l. Additional tests using D. magna were performed both with and without sediment in elutriates collected under heated conditions designed to promote the release
of chemicals from the rubber matrix to understand what environmental factors may influence the toxicity of TRWP. Toxicity
was only observed for elutriates generated from TRWP leached under high-temperature conditions and the lowest EC/LC50 value was 5,000 mg/l. In an effort to identify potential toxic chemical constituent(s) in the heated leachates, toxicity
identification evaluation (TIE) studies and chemical analysis of the leachate were conducted. The TIE coupled with chemical
analysis (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry LC/MS/MS] and inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry
ICP/MS]) of the leachate identified zinc and aniline as candidate toxicants. However, based on the high EC/LC50 values and the limited conditions under which toxicity was observed, TRWP should be considered a low risk to aquatic ecosystems
under acute exposure scenarios. |
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