儿童气管支气管软化症研究现状

气管支气管软化症(TBM)作为小儿慢性咳嗽、反复喘息、反复呼吸道感染的病因之一,临床表现缺乏特异性,常规检查方法亦无法明确诊断,在临床工作中,该病易被误诊为支气管哮喘、反复呼吸道感染、支气管异物等疾病,因此延误了正规治疗。目前纤维支气管镜检查被认为是诊断小儿TBM的金标准。为了提高临床医生对该病的认识,本文就小儿TBM的流行病学、分类及病因、病理生理、临床症状、诊断、治疗及预后研究现状作一综述。

Research status of tracheobronchomalacia in children

Tracheobronchomalacia （TBM） has been considered as a major cause for chronic cough, repeated gasping and repeated respiratory tract infection in pediatrics. Confirmed diagnosis using routine examinations has been impos- sible as the clinical symptoms of TBM were vague. Meanwhile, patients with TBM have been commonly misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma, repeated respiratory tract infection, as well as foreign body in bronchus, which delayed the formal treatment. To date, flexible bronchofiberscope has been considered as the golden standard for the diagnosis of TBM in pediatrics. In order to improve clinicians＇ recognition of this disease, this article reviewed the research status of epi- demiology, classification and etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of TBM in children.